People v. Fleegle

In August 2000, defendant was indicted by a grand jury in a 155-count indictment which charged him with 31 counts each of sexual abuse in the first degree, rape in the first degree, rape in the third degree, sodomy in the first degree and sodomy in the third degree. The charges stemmed from acts against the same minor female victim (born in 1981) at several locations in St. Lawrence County, between August 1995 and February 1998. At the conclusion of defendant’s trial, County Court submitted representative counts to the jury, including six counts each of sexual abuse in the first degree, rape in the first degree and rape in the third degree and five counts each of sodomy in the first and third degrees.^[1] Defendant was convicted on all the submitted counts and thereafter sentenced to prison terms of 7V2 to 15 years on five of the first degree rape charges and 4 to 12 years on the sixth first degree rape charge, all to be served consecutively to one another, and to lesser concurrent prison terms on the remaining convictions. Defendant appeals.

Defendant raises several issues on appeal. We need only address defendant’s contention that he was denied his fundamental right to a fair trial due to the cumulative effect of trial errors and the ineffective assistance of his defense counsel, which we find merits reversal of his conviction.

We focus first on the trial errors occasioned by reference to multiple uncharged sex crimes by defendant against this same victim in the People’s opening statement and the victim’s testimony regarding those crimes. In her opening, the prosecutor informed the jury that “we are going to show you that 155 counts is the very minimum of what occurred in this case,” “the abuse of this girl at the hands of this defendant started when she was about nine years old, which was long before August of 1995,” “this didn’t start in August of 1995, but * * * we are bound by [the] statute of limitations,” “there isn’t almost enough paper to write this on. We could have thousands of counts here, but we don’t” and “[The abuse] continued beyond [February of 1998] but they moved to the State of Virginia in

Evidence of a defendant’s prior uncharged crimes is “clearly inadmissible to prove criminal propensities” (People v Forbes, 203 AD2d 609 , 611), but may be admitted to establish an element of the crime at issue where the probative value of the proof outweighs its possible prejudicial effect (see, People v Cook, 93 NY2d 840 , 841; People v Sturdivant, 277 AD2d 607 , 608, lv denied 95 NY2d 970 ; People v Rogner, 265 AD2d 688 , 689; People v McClain, 250 AD2d 871 , 872, lv denied 92 NY2d 901 ). However, “[i]t is clear that where a prosecutor intends to offer evidence of uncharged criminal conduct of a defendant, he should seek a ruling from the trial court out of the presence of the jury as to the admissibility of such evidence” (People v Janota, 181 AD2d 932 , 933). The People sought no such ruling^[2] and the subsequent testimony of the victim, that she had been sexually abused, raped and sodomized by defendant prior to and subsequent to the dates covered in the indictment, albeit offered and received without any objection by defense counsel, was error in light of the fact that County Court did not conduct a Ventimiglia hearing or give the jury any limiting instructions^[3] with respect thereto. Such errors “seriously impinged upon defendant’s right to a fair trial” (People v Intelisano, 188 AD2d 881 , 883; see, People v Hobot, 84 NY2d 1021 , 1022; People v Lewis, 69 NY2d 321 , 327-328; People v Janota, supra at 935 ; People v Gautier, 148 AD2d 280 , 282-283).

Compounding the prejudicial error of admitting such proof without a hearing to determine its probative value or without appropriate limiting instructions to the jury, was the ineffective assistance of defense counsel, whose actions “seriously compromise [d] * * * defendant’s right to a fair trial” (People v Hobot, supra at 1022 ; see, People v Benevento, 91 NY2d 708 , 713; People v Flores, 84 NY2d 184 , 188-189). As noted, defense counsel failed to object to the prosecutor’s references, in her