Hawkins v. Bryant

Memorandum: Plaintiff commenced this action seeking damages for injuries he allegedly sustained in a motor vehicle accident when the vehicle he was driving was struck by a vehicle owned and operated by defendant. Defendant thereafter moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint on the ground that plaintiff did not sustain a serious injury in the accident within the meaning of Insurance Law § 5102 (d). Supreme Court denied defendant’s motion and granted plaintiffs cross motion for summary judgment on the issues of serious injury and negligence. We note at the outset that, as plaintiff notes in his brief, he did not oppose defendant’s motion with respect to the 90/180-day category of serious injury. We therefore modify the order by denying the cross motion with respect to that category of serious injury and by granting the motion to that extent.

We conclude that the court erred in granting those parts of plaintiffs cross motion for summary judgment with respect to the two remaining categories of serious injury alleged by plaintiff, i.e., permanent consequential limitation of use and significant limitation of use, but properly denied those parts of defendant’s motion with respect thereto. We therefore further modify the order accordingly. Defendant is correct that she met her initial burden by submitting medical records and reports constituting “persuasive evidence that plaintiffs alleged pain and injuries were related to . . . preexisting condition^] ” (Carrasco v Mendez, 4 NY3d 566 , 580 [2005]; see Spanos v Fanto, 63 AD3d 1665 , 1666 [2009]). As a result, plaintiff had the burden of coming forward with evidence addressing defendant’s claimed lack of causation (see Carrasco, 4 NY3d at 580 ; Briody v Melecio, 91 AD3d 1328 , 1329 [2012]). We agree with defendant that the affidavit of plaintiffs treating chiropractor submitted

by plaintiff fails to address the issue of causation and thus was insufficient to raise a triable issue of fact on causation (see Smith v Besanceney, 61 AD3d 1336 , 1337-1338 [2009]; Caldwell v Grant [appeal No. 2], 31 AD3d 1154 , 1155 [2006]). However, plaintiffs treating orthopedic surgeon, who reviewed the results of plaintiffs X rays and MRI scans, opined that the accident was the “competent and producing cause of [plaintiffs] spinal conditions by means of activation aggravation of his lumbar stenosis and degenerative spondylosis and causing worsening of the disc herniations in the lumbar spine.” Thus, plaintiff raised a triable issue of fact with respect to causation (see Seek v Balia, 92 AD3d 543 , 544 [2012]). We further conclude that plaintiffs submissions contain the requisite objective medical findings sufficient to raise issues of fact whether plaintiff sustained a serious injury under both categories of serious injury alleged by him (see generally Toure v Avis Rent A Car Sys., 98 NY2d 345 , 350 [2002]; Roll v Gavitt, 77 AD3d 1412 , 1413 [2010]).

We further conclude that the court properly granted that part of plaintiffs cross motion for summary judgment on the issue of negligence. Plaintiff met his initial burden by establishing as a matter of law “that the sole proximate cause of the accident was defendant’s failure to yield the right of way” to plaintiff and defendant failed to raise a triable issue of fact (Kelsey v Degan, 266 AD2d 843 , 843 [1999]; see Guadagno v Norward, 43 AD3d 1432 , 1433 [2007]; see also Fratangelo v Benson, 294 AD2d 880 , 881 [2002]). There is no evidence that plaintiff could have done anything to avoid the collision (see Driscoll v Casey, 299 AD2d 885 , 885 [2002]; Bolta v Lohan, 242 AD2d 356 , 356 [1997]) and we note that, in approaching the intersection, plaintiff was entitled to anticipate that defendant “would comply with the Vehicle and Traffic Law and yield the right-of-way” (Colaruotolo v Crowley, 290 AD2d 863 , 864 [2002]). Present — Scudder, P.J., Fahey, Carni, Valentino and Martoche, JJ.