Sprole v. Sprole

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court (Ames, J.), entered September 22, 2015 in Tompkins County, ordering, among other things, equitable distribution of the parties’ marital property, upon a decision of the court.

Plaintiff (hereinafter the husband) and defendant (hereinafter the wife) were married in 1994 and have two daughters (born in 1996 and 2005). In 2009, the husband moved out of the marital home and commenced this action for divorce. The parties stipulated to the ground for divorce and, in March 2013, an order was entered awarding the parties joint legal custody of the older daughter, with physical custody to the mother, and granting sole legal and physical custody of the younger

We first address the wife’s challenge to the award of spousal maintenance. “The amount and duration of a maintenance award are addressed to the sound discretion of the trial court, and will not be disturbed provided that the statutory factors and the parties’ predivorce standard of living are considered” (Robinson v Robinson, 133 AD3d 1185 , 1186 [2015] [internal quotation marks and citations omitted]; see Domestic Relations Law § 236 [B] [former (6)]; Cervoni v Cervoni, 141 AD3d 918 , 919 [2016]). The court must set forth a reasoned analysis of the factors it relies upon in fashioning the award, “but it ‘is not required to analyze and apply every factor set forth in [the statute]’ ” (Curley v Curley, 125 AD3d 1227 , 1228 [2015], quoting McAteer v McAteer, 294 AD2d 783 , 784 [2002]; see Robinson v Robinson, 133 AD3d at 1186 ).

Here, Supreme Court fully acknowledged the significant disparity in the parties’ income, noting that the husband was earning an annual salary.of approximately $415,000 at the time of trial while the wife, having left the workforce in 1996 following the birth of the parties’ older child, had no income. The court also recognized, however, that the wife was relatively young, in good health, has a Bachelor’s degree and could return to full-time employment given that the child in her custody was 18 years old and attending college, yet she had made no effort to secure employment throughout the six-year period during which this divorce action was pending. Moreover, the husband had been paying the mortgage and carrying costs on the marital residence—which the wife was occupying—during the pendency of this action, and the wife stands to receive substantial sums from the equitable distribution award, includ

Next, we find no error in Supreme Court’s calculation of the husband’s child support obligation. The court applied the statutory percentage for one child (the older daughter in the wife’s custody) to the first $141,000 of combined parental income, 100% of which was attributable to the husband, resulting in a monthly obligation of $1,997.50. Because the combined parental income of $415,000 exceeded the then-applicable statutory cap, Supreme Court was required to determine what amount, if any, of that excess income would be designated as part of the child support obligation by considering the statutory percentage and/or the factors set forth in Domestic Relations Law § 240 (1-b) (f) (see Domestic Relations Law § 240 [1-b] [b] [3]; [c] [3]; [f]; Holterman v Holterman, 3 NY3d 1 , 10-12 [2004]; Vantine v Vantine, 125 AD3d 1259 , 1262 [2015]; Sadaghiani v Ghayoori, 97 AD3d 1013 , 1013-1014 [2012]; Smith v Smith, 1 AD3d 870 , 872 [2003]). Supreme Court listed several factors it considered before finding that none of the combined income over the statutory cap should be considered in calculating the husband’s child support obligation with respect to the older daughter, including, most notably, that the husband is paying all of the expenses of the younger daughter in his custody, having waived child support from the wife for this child. Also bearing on the court’s determination was the fact that the older child was enrolled in college and had access to a college savings account containing nearly $85,000, and that the husband had agreed to pay any remaining costs associated with the children’s attendance at a four-year university and remained responsible for 100% of the children’s insurance coverage as well as any outstanding medical, dental and opti

The wife further challenges Supreme Court’s decision to give the husband credits representing the amount of the pendente lite maintenance and child support payments he made. Pursuant to Domestic Relations Law § 236 (B) (former [6] [a]) and (7) (a), in effect at the time of the commencement of the action, an award of maintenance and child support is effective as of the date of the application therefor, and retroactive amounts of maintenance and support shall be paid, as the court directs, “taking into account any amount of temporary maintenance [or child support] which has been paid” (see Burns v Burns, 84 NY2d 369 , 377 [1994]; McKay v Groesbeck, 117 AD3d 810 , 811 [2014]; Verdrager v Verdrager, 230 AD2d 786 , 788 [1996]). “These provisions require a court to provide for retroactive payments of permanent maintenance and support only where the award is in excess of. any temporary maintenance and support award, however, and do not require the granting of credits for past overpayments of temporary maintenance and support” (Foxx v Foxx, 114 AD2d 605 , 607 [1985] [citations omitted]; see Vicinanzo v Vicinanzo, 210 AD2d 863 , 864 [1994]; Rodgers v Rodgers, 98 AD2d 386 , 389-390 [1983], appeal dismissed 62 NY2d 646 [1984]).

Here, the permanent order of maintenance retroactively set a higher rate than that paid by the husband during the pendency of the action, thereby creating an immediate arrear-age and entitling him to a credit for such past payments (see Foxx v Foxx, 114 AD2d at 607 ). With respect to child support, however, the converse is true; the temporary support payments already made by the husband pursuant to the pendente lite order exceeded the retroactive support obligation set forth by Supreme Court. Absent any statutory authority for recoupment of overpayments of child support and given the “ ‘strong public policy against restitution or recoupment of [such] overpay-ments’ ” (Johnson v Chapin, 12 NY3d 461 , 466 [2009], quoting

As to the equitable distribution award, while the wife does not take issue with Supreme Court’s decision to distribute 30% of the value of the husband’s interest in the business, she claims that the court improvidently exercised its discretion by ordering that sum to be paid in yearly installments without interest. It is settled that “the manner in which a distributive award is to be paid is discretionary” (Smith v Smith, 17 AD3d 959 , 960 [2005]; accord Mairs v Mairs, 61 AD3d 1204 , 1208 [2009]; see Unger-Matusik v Matusik, 276 AD2d 936 , 938 [2000]). Considering the amount of the award and the nonli-quidity of the husband’s interest, and recognizing that the $900,000 is free of tax consequences to the wife, we find that permitting the husband to pay the wife over a six-year period without interest was an appropriate exercise of the court’s discretion (see Dewitt v Sheiness, 42 AD3d 776 , 778 [2007]; Basile v Basile, 199 AD2d 649 , 652 [1993]).

We now turn to Supreme Court’s order concerning the sale of the marital residence. In light of the custodial status and age of the children, as well as the absence of any proof that the wife could afford to maintain the marital residence if awarded exclusive use and possession, it was not inappropriate for Supreme Court to direct that it be sold (see Bernard v Bernard, 126 AD3d 658 , 659 [2015]; Carney v Carney, 202 AD2d 907 , 910 [1994]; Church v Church, 169 AD2d 851 , 853 [1991]; Tanner v Tanner, 107 AD2d 980 , 982 [1985]). While Supreme Court’s decision declined to permit the wife a “buy-back option” in an amount less than the appraised value of the marital residence, nothing in the decision or judgment of divorce precludes her from purchasing the husband’s interest in the home or making an offer to purchase the home for an amount less than the listing price. Nor can we conclude, under the particular circumstances presented herein, that Supreme Court abused its discretion in ordering that the home be sold at a public auction in the event that it remained on the market for

The wife’s remaining contentions are either not properly before us or have been examined and found to be without merit.

McCarthy, Egan Jr., Lynch and Devine, JJ., concur.

Ordered that the judgment is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as (1) awarded plaintiff a credit for child support overpayments and (2) directed that any balance remaining in the children’s college savings accounts, when the children attain the age of 30, be divided equally between plaintiff and defendant; award defendant a refund of $53,495 in child support, resulting in an increase of her distributive award payable upon the sale of the marital residence, direct that any balance remaining in the children’s college savings accounts, when the children attain the age of 30, be divided equally between the children, direct that any furnishings removed from the marital residence by plaintiff be divided equally between plaintiff and defendant and matter remitted to the Supreme Court for further proceedings not inconsistent with this Court’s decision; and, as so modified, affirmed.