Majority
p. 496Same Term. Before the same Justices. Pryne vs. Westfall and others.
Headnote
In an action of trespass brought by a constable, for the taking away of property levied upon by him under an execution, but of which property he has taken no actual possession, the action being brought for the benefit of the plaintiff in the execution, the plaintiff must prove a. judgment, if required to do so. Proving the execution alone is not sufficient.Error to the Onondaga common pleas. Pryne sued Henry Westfall, jr. Martin Austin, and Caleb Jeffers, in trespass, before William Bentley, a justice of the peace. On the return day of the summons the plaintiff declared against the defendants verbally, alleging that on the 3d of August, 1846, the defendants took and carried away from-a certain pit one load of coal, the property of the plaintiff, which he had levied on as a constable
p. 497
by virtue of an execution issued by E. B. Wigent, a justice of the peace, in favor of Peter Barber, against Martin Austin, one of the defendants, as Austin’s property. The defendants pleaded' the general issue separately, and gave notice that they would show, on the trial, that the title to the coal mentioned in the plaintiff’s declaration was in Henry Westfall, jr. one of the defendants ; and that if he took and carried away the coal he took and carried away his own coal, as he had a right to do. The other defendants, Austin and Jeffers, gave notice that if they did any thing in moving the coal they acted by order of Westfall, being his hired men, and the coal being on his land ; and that they had a right so to do. The cause was tried by a jury. The plaintiff introduced Alanson Fancher as a witness, who testified that he was acquainted with E. B. Wigent; that he was a justice of the peace; that the witness knew his handwriting ; that he knew the plaintiff was a constable, and had been since town meeting; that he knew his hand-writing; that the signature to the execution exhibited in court was in the hand-writing of E. B. Wigent; “ renewal” was also in his hand-writing; that the endorsement of the levy on the back of the execution was in the plaintiff’s hand-writing, but that the interlineation in the endorsement in the words “ on Henry Westfall’s premises” was not, he thought, in his hand-writing. The plaintiff offered to read the execution and endorsement of levy in evidence. The defendants objected to the reading of the same, on the ground that the plaintiff had not given sufficient evidence to entitle him to read the same, and on the ground that a part of the endorsement was not in the plaintiff’s hand-writing. L. R. Morgan was then sworn for the plaintiff, and offered to testify that the interlineation was made by him. The defendants objected, but the objection was overruled, and the witness testified that he made the interlineation by the request of the plaintiff, after the trial commenced. The execution was again offered. in evidence, and received, although objected to by the defendants. It referred to a judgment rendered before the said Wigent as justice of the peace, in favor of Peter Barber, against Martin ■ Austin, on the 3d of September,
p. 498
1844, fof $10,21; execution issued on tbe 19th of the same month. On the 28th, there was collected $3,50, and the execution was returned with no more property found. Execution renewed July 30,1846, by the justice. The plaintiff then offered the endorsement of levy, on the back of the execution. This was objected to, on the ground of its not being in the plaintiff’s hand-writing. The objection was overruled, and the endorsement read. It stated that the plaintiff had made a levy on a pit of coal on the premises of Henry Westfall, then belonging to the said Martin Austin. After the introduction of some other evidence by the parties, the defendants moved for a non-suit ; which motion the justice denied, on the ground that there was sufficient evidence to go to the jury. The plaintiff’s counsel admitted upon the trial that the suit was brought for the benefit of Barber,.the plaintiff in the execution. The defendants’ counsel asked the court to charge the jury that to entitle the plaintiff to recover he was bound to prove a valid judgment, as well as the execution issued thereon. The justice refused so to charge, but charged the jury that if they believed, from the evidence, that the coal belonged to Westfall, the defendants were not liable. The jury found a verdict for the plaintiff and the justice rendered judgment against the defendants for $9,42. The defendants carried the cause to the court of common pleas, by certiorari, and that court reversed the judgment of the justice.
he Roy Morgan, for the plaintiff in error.
M. B. Church, for the defendants in error.
By the Court,
We deem it necessary to notice but one of the grounds of error relied on as fatal to the judgment rendered by the justice. The action, in the court below, was brought by the constable for the benefit of Barber, the plaintiff in the execution, against three defendants, one of whom was the defendant in the execution and the others were Strangers; the defendants pleading separately. The constable
p. 499
had levied upon the property in question, but had taken no actual possession of it. It is true that the property was of a ponderous character, so as to excuse a purchaser from the duty of removing it to his actual possession under the act relating to fraudulent sales. That circumstance does not, however, alter the nature of the possession. It was constructive only. In such a case, we think it indispensable that the plaintiff, though he be an officer, should prove a judgment. Were he a defendant, his execution, without the judgment, if valid on its face, would afford him protection against a suit brought for the seizing the property by the defendant in the execution. (Savacool v. Boughton, 5 Wend. 170 .) Had he taken actual possession of the property, such possession would be prima facie evidence against a stranger. But when he sues, as he does here, on a mere constructive possession, created by the levy of the execution, to recover for the benefit of the plaintiff in the judgment, we think he must prove the judgment; if required to do so. Such is the reasonable rule, and such we understand to be the result of the authorities. (See the authorities collected in 2 Cowen & Hill’s Notes, 107, 8, 9; 1 Hill, 118 ; 2 Denio, 642 ; 16 Wend. 562 ; Cowen’s Tr. 278, and cases there cited.)
The objection, that the judgment should be proved, was taken during the progress of the trial, in a general objection to the right to give the execution in evidence, without further proof. If it be said that this objection was too general, to inform the justice of the precise ground upon which it was urged, that remark will not apply to the distinct request, made to the justice for his instruction to the jury on that subject, before the cause was finally submitted. The answer of the justice was significant and decisive. It was a refusal placed, 1st, on the ground that the objection had not been made till after the execution had been read to the jury; and 2d, that the execution was good evidence, and had been read to the jury as such, without the judgment. There was no complaint that the witness or documentary evidence to prove the judgment, were not present in court; if in truth the plaintiff had been provided with any such evidence. Nor was there any reasonable ground
p. 500
assigned for refusing to give the instruction asked for. When a justice has a discretion, it is a judicial discretion, to be exercised reasonably and not arbitrarily. ( 7 John. 306 .) The refusal was substantially a charge that no proof of the judgment was necessary, and was therefore erroneous. At all events the point was clearly taken by the defendants’ counsel before the jury, and there was no ground for the presumption of a waiver of the proof on the part of the defendants. And without it, there was no ground for either a verdict ora judgment against them.
The judgment of the common pleas must be affirmed.
Cases cited
- Savacool v. Boughton 5 Wend. 170 p. 499
- Earl v. Camp & Stone 16 Wend. 562 p. 499