Hohenshell v. South Riverside Land & Water Co.

Judgment was rendered in the lower court against the defendant, requiring it to abate (to a depth of two and seven-tenths feet from the top) a dam placed by it in the outlet of Elsinore lake, in Riverside county, whereby plaintiff’s land was overflowed; and enjoining it from maintaining in said outlet that or any other obstruction.

The appeal is on the judgment-roll; and the points of error assigned are: 1. That the theory of the complaint is at variance with the case as made by the findings; 2. That the findings are defective in failing to show the extent of the plaintiff’s right; and 3. In effect, that the findings negative the alleged right of the plaintiff.

The facts of the controversy, as they appear from the findings, are as follows: The lake referred to in the judgment is situated in a larger tract known as the Laguna ranch, and varies in extent in different years, and at various seasons, according to the rainfall. It is drained to a certain level by a natural outlet, which, in the year 1884, by means of a ditch constructed by the then owners of the lands adjoining and including the lake, was lowered or deepened to a plane two and five-tenths feet below the natural level, and again, in 1890, deepened and extended through the valley by owners of said

During all this period—that is to say, from the original construction of the ditch to the construction of the dam by the defendant—the ditch was in use and water continued to flow through it and to relieve the lake. The ditch thus “operated to reclaim in part the lands of plaintiff .... from overflow by said lake; and .... the plaintiff was entitled to the benefit of such reclamation, and entitled to have the same continue.”

In the year 1883 the lands adjoining and including the lake —which constituted a distinct subdivision of the Laguna ranch, designated on the map of the rancho and known as “Elsinore” were owned by Graham, Collier, and Heald, and were subdivided by them into blocks and lots; and maps of the same were filed in the office of the recorder of San Diego county, in which the land was- then situated. The plaintiff deraigns title from these owners, under a deed executed by them to one Uicol, February 11, 1884, in which there occurs, following the granting clause, a reservation or provision in the words and figures following:

“Expressly reserving to the grantors herein, their heirs, and assigns, the right to reclaim all or any portion of the land above described, or any or all other lands liable to overflow from the lake at Elsinore; and the right to enter upon the land above described and construct any dike, dam, ditch, or canal that may be necessary, and to do anything there or elsewhere necessary to reclaim any or all such lands from such overflow. The reclamation of the above-described land is to inure to the benefit of the grantee herein, his heirs, and assigns.”

The defendant deraigns title from Heald, who was one of the owners of the ranch above mentioned, by whom the ranch was

The facts above stated are, however, disputed by the defendant in two particulars: 1. It is claimed that it is not found that the title of the Elsinore tract was vested in Graham, Collier, and Heald, September 24, 1883; and 2. That, if so, it is not found that it continued thus vested to the date of the deed to Meol, February 11, 1884.

The last objection is, however, obviously untenable. If the plaintiff’s grantors were owners of the land in September, 1883, it is to be presumed—in the absence of anything appearing to the contrary—that they continued to be such to the date of the deed, February 11, 1884; and also to the time the ditch was constructed in the same year. (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1963, subd. 32; Kidder v. Stevens, 60 Cal. 419 .)

We may confine our attention, therefore, to the first objection; the point of which is in the finding that the title of the Laguna rancho “was, on the twenty-fourth day of September, 1883, vested in [said owner], except about five hundred acres of said, tract lying in one body in the westerly comer, of said Laguna rancho”; from which it is claimed that it does not appear from the findings that the excepted tract did not, include part of the lands adjoining and including the lake. But were there no other finding on the point, the presumption would be otherwise. For there is a general finding that the plaintiff was entitled to the benefit of the reclamation effected by the ditch, and to have the same continued; and, in view of this finding, the ownership of the lands at the time of the reclamation must be presumed. And this presumption is confirmed, and, in fact, established, by other findings of the court. For it is found that in the years 1883 to 1885 the Laguna ranch was subdivided by its owners; and it appears that one of the subdivisions of the ranch was “Elsinore,” or the “Elsinore” tract, consisting of the lands adjoining and including the lake; and that this tract (“being part of the grant of land known as the Laguna rancho”) was subdivided by Graham, Collier, and Heald; from which it is to be inferred that the “Elsinore” tract included no part of the five hundred acres that did not belong to them.

1. From what has been said it must be assumed that the grantors in the deed to bTicol were, at the date of the deed, owners of the “Elsinore” tract, and that both parties deraign title from them. This being the case, the reservation clause in the deed must be construed as reserving and granting reciprocal easements—namely, to the grantors an easement over the land of the grantee—which would include, not only the right to construct a ditch or other means of reclamation on his land, but also the right to draw the water from his land by a ditch constructed on other lands; and to the grantee, his heirs and assigns, an easement on the lands of the grantors for the continuance and maintenance of the ditch; and of this grant the defendant—who deraigns title from one of the grantors—was, by the record, affected with notice. (Civ. Code, sec. 1213.)

2. The objection that “the findings fail to show .... the extent of the alleged superior right asserted by plaintiff” is unfounded. The nature of the right is specifically determined by the facts above stated, and its precise extent, by the relief granted. It is simply to have the ditch restored to and maintained at its former level.

3. The supposed variance between the complaint and the findings, with reference to the construction of the reservation clause in the deed, is immaterial. The complaint alleges, in effect, “that by the terms of the various deeds and agreements, by and under wdiich this plaintiff holds his title, it was agreed by and between this plaintiff and the owners of the said Laguna ranch as owned and held in 1883” that by ditches, etc., “on plaintiff’s land or elsewhere” said owners might reclaim the land, and that the reclamation should inure to the benefit of the plaintiff, his heirs and assigns, etc. The first part of these allegations necessarily includes, as one of the “various deeds and agreements,” the deed from the owners to the first of plaintiff’s predecessors, Mcol, and the effect of the reservation clause is otherwise correctly stated. The point of the objection is that the theory of the complaint is that this clause is a covenant or executory contract. But the allegation of the complaint is that “it was agreed” that the grantors should have the right to

We therefore recommend that the judgment be affirmed.

Gray, C., and Cooper, C., concurred.

For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion the judgment is affirmed. Harrison, J., Van Dyke, J., McFarland, J.

Hearing in Bank denied.