Cunningham v. Breed

Headnote

Undertaking, Defense in Action. — In an action for damages on an undertaking given on suing out an injunction, the defendants cannot object, by way of defense, that they ought not to pay the damages, which they contracted to pay, because the business which they enjoined, and for the stoppage of which, damages are claimed, was a public nuisance.

Appeal from tbe Fourth Judicial District.

This was an action brought by the plaintiff to recover $15,000, the amount of an undertaking, executed by the defendants at the time of suing out an injunction, restraining the plaintiff from filling the slips appurtonant to Market Street Wharf, and from running his locomotive and train of dirt cars thereon, etc. This undertaking was executed on the 12th day of June, 1852. Subsequently, on the 2d day of October, 1852, the injunction was dissolved by the District Court, and its judgment was affirmed by the Supreme Court.

On the trial, a jury having been waived, the plaintiff offered evidence of the damages sustained by him, in consequence of having been restrained from prosecuting his work, etc., and the Court found for the plaintiff the sum of $8,100 damages.

The defense made was, that Market street was a public highway, and that the plaintiff had no right to lay, keep or use his railroad thereon; that it was a public nuisance, which Breed and Dennis had a right to abate; with or without process of law; that the presumption of law was, that every obstruction or exclusive use of a highway, or any part thereof, was a public nuisance, and that the plaintiff having no right to maintain or use his track in the public street, was not entitled to recover damages, in this action, for the loss of such use, and of the profits and advantages thereof. This defense the Court overruled, and entered judgment for the plaintiff for the sum of $8,100, and costs of suit. Whereupon, the defendants appealed, but did not prosecute- ik Under the rules of this Court, the plaintiff brought

up the transcript, and by his counsel, submitted the * following argument in behalf of the judgment of [385] the Court below.

The Court is asked to assume, that the business of the plaintiff was a public nuisance. What is a public nuisance depends on circumstances. (3 Paige, 217, 218.) The temporary use of a street may be lawful, when its permanent use for the same object would be a nuisance. A railroad in a street is not, perse, a nuisance. (9 Paige, 171; 7 Barb. 556 ; 8 Dana Ky. 289.) It is a well settled principle, that when an act may be legal or illegal, according to the manner in which it is performed, the presumption is always in favor ef its legality. (Chitty on Contracts, 659, 660, and notes; 1 Greenl. Ev. § 80.) The illegality of the plaintiff’s railroad not having been set out in the defendant’s answer, they must be deemed to have waived that objection. The defendants are estopped, by the judgment of the Court, in setting aside the injunction, from alleging the illegality of plaintiff’s acts in the premises. They agreed to pay all damages which the plaintiff in this case might sustain by reason of the injunction. The Court has decided that the injunction was without sufficient cause; it is, therefore, too late to allege that the act restrained was illegal.