Mazzotta v. Los Angeles Railway Corp.

A jury awarded Jane Mazzotta damages for personal injuries sustained by her as the result of a collision between an automobile driven by Samuel Pinkelstein and a motorbus operated by Los Angeles Bailway Corporation. Both Pinkelstein and the corporation moved for a new trial upon all of the statutory grounds. Each motion was granted, that of the corporation because of errors of law and also upon the ground of the insufficiency of the evidence to sustain the verdict. The ruling in favor of Pinkelstein was based upon certain instructions which the court declared were erroneous, and the appeal is prosecuted solely from that order.

It appears that the accident occurred on a clear sunny morning as the bus was being driven upon a six-lane street. In the middle of the block, along the northerly curb, two spaces were marked off for diagonal parking. The bus, operated by a student driver in the presence of his instructor, was westbound in the second lane. Pinkelstein was using the third and center lane, driving his automobile in the same direction. After passing the bus to the left, he proceeded a short distance and then turned to the right in front of the bus, traveling across the second lane and heading into one of the parking spaces.

Pinkelstein testified that he last saw the bus by looking into his rear view mirror. His car was then at a point about 15 or 20 feet from the place where he intended to park. At that time the bus appeared to be traveling slowly and between 50 to 60 feet to the rear of his car. According to his version of the accident, the bus struck his car after he had parked and alighted from it.

All of the other evidence was directly to the contrary. Several witnesses testified that Pinkelstein turned his automobile in front of the bus when it was but 15 or 20 feet away. As one witness put it, . . all of a sudden, he pulled this car directly around in front of the bus, and made an effort to park. ’ ’ Several persons testified that the automobile was in motion at the moment of the impact and had not yet reached the curb.

The controversy concerning the propriety of the order ap

If, in the present case, the evidence as a whole would be insufficient as a matter of law to support a verdict in favor of Finkelstein, the order appealed from cannot be sustained. (Estate of Baird, 198 Cal. 490 [ 246 P. 324 ]; Mercantile Trust Co. v. Sunset etc. Co., 176 Cal. 461 [ 168 P. 1037 ] ; Hitchcock v. Rooney, 171 Cal. 285 [ 152 P. 913 ]; Flood v. Petry, 165 Cal. 309 [ 132 P. 256 , 46 L.R.A.N.S. 861 ]; Schlemmer v. Stokes, 47 Cal.App.2d 164 [ 117 P.2d 396 ] ; De La Falaise v. Gaumont-British Picture Corp., 39 Cal.App.2d 461 [ 103 P.2d 447 ]; Henderson v. Braden, 35 Cal.App.2d 88 [ 94 P.2d 625 ] ; Wall v. Equitable Life Assur. Soc., 33 Cal.App.2d 112 [ 91 P.2d 145 ].) But his testimony, if believed, furnishes sufficient evidence to support a finding that he exercised ordinary care at the time of the accident. If the jury had returned a verdict for him upon his testimony that at the last time he saw the bus he was but 15 feet from the parking space while the bus was 60 feet to his rear and traveling slowly, the determination could not be said to be unsupported by the evidence. Two directly contrary versions concerning the happening of the accident were presented to the jury and it had the responsi

It is well settled that the granting of a motion for a new trial rests so completely within the discretion of the trial judge that an appellate court will not interfere with his action unless a manifest and unmistakable abuse of discretion clearly appears. (Koyer v. McComber, 12 Cal.2d 175 [ 82 P.2d 941 ]; Fennessey v. Pacific Gas & Elec. Co., 10 Cal.2d 538 [ 76 P.2d 104 ]; Hall v. Desser, 8 Cal.2d 29 [ 63 P.2d 809 ]; Sheets v. Southern Pac. Co., 212 Cal. 509 [ 299 P. 71 ]; Abercrombie v. Thomsen, 59 Cal.App.2d 331 [ 138 P.2d 701 ] ; Hunt v. Pacific Elec. Ry. Co., 51 Cal.App.2d 11 [ 124 P.2d 89 ]; Whitfield v. Debrincat, 18 Cal.App.2d 730 [ 64 P.2d 960 ] ; Bonner v. Los Angeles Examiner, 17 Cal.App.2d 458 [ 62 P.2d 427 ]; Estate of Wood, 131 Cal.App. 465 [ 21 P.2d 626 ]; Follett v. Brown, 118 Cal.App. 198 [ 5 P.2d 51 ]; Malloway v. Hughes, 125 Cal.App. 573 [ 13 P.2d 1062 ].) Upon an appeal from an order granting a new trial, all presumptions favor the order as against the verdict (Abercrombie v. Thomsen, supra; Estate of Wood, supra; Weaver v. Shell Oil Co., 129 Cal.App. 232 , 233 [ 18 P.2d 736 ]) and the order will be affirmed if it may be sustained on any ground (Brown v. George Pepperdine Foundation, 23 Cal.2d 256 [ 143 P.2d 929 ]; Thompson v. California Construction Co., 148 Cal. 35 [ 82 P. 367 ]; Campanella v. Campanella, 204 Cal. 515 [ 269 P. 433 ]; Weaver v. Shell Oil Co., supra) although the reviewing court might have ruled differently in the first instance (Hall v. Desser, supra; Abercrombie v. Thomsen, supra; Whitfield v. Debrincat, supra). And since a new trial may be granted upon the ground that the jury was erroneously instructed upon matters of law (Code Civ. Proc., § 657; Brown v. George Pepperdine Foundation, supra; Sheets v. Southern Pac. Co., supra; Thompson v. California Construction Co., supra; Nieves v. Vigolino, 135 Cal.App. 763 [ 27 P.2d 916 ]; Manufacturers’ Finance Corp. v. Pacific W. Radio Inc., 130 Cal.App. 239 [ 19 P.2d 1013 ]; Pope v. Wenisch, 109 Cal.App. 608 [ 293 P. 622 ]), the question for decision is whether this wide discretion was abused in granting Finkelstein’s motion.

The instruction upon which Finkelstein substantially relies as justifying the action of the trial court required the jury, under certain stated circumstances, to return a verdict

The appellant asserts that a new. trial should not be granted upon the ground of misdirection of the jury where the error is harmless and a different result would not be probable had the error not occurred. This rule is based upon article VI, section 4% of the California Constitution and section 475 of the Code of Civil Procedure which declare that technical but harmless error shall provide no basis for a determination which would result in a miscarriage of justice, and courts are thereby given a wide discretion when called upon in the first instance to relieve from-error assertedly committed during the course of a trial. Accordingly, it has been held that although an instruction may not include all of the factors essential to a recovery by the plaintiff, its use does not constitute prejudicial error where, considered together in their entirety, the instructions fully and fairly charge the jury with the law applicable to the case. (Wells v. Lloyd, 21 Cal.2d 452 [ 132 P.2d 471 ]; Westover v. City of Los Angeles, 20 Cal.2d 635 [ 128 P.2d 350 ]; Miner v. Dabney-Johnson Oil Corp., 219 Cal. 580 [ 28 P.2d 23 ].) But much is committed to the discretion of the trial judge in determining a motion for a new trial which is made upon the ground of asserted error in instructions. (Thompson v. California Construction Co., supra.)

The order is affirmed.

Gibson, C. J., Shenk, ,J., Carter, J., Traynor, J., and Schauer, J., concurred.