Purdy v. Johnson

This appeal is from an order modifying a judgment theretofore made and entered in accordance with the direction of this court (Purdy v. Johnson, 78 Cal. App. 310 [ 248 Pac. 764 ]), and is the third appeal in this case.

Appellants urge two questions: The first has reference to the trial costs allowed plaintiff, amounting to $905.30, and the other to charging defendants with interest upon certain annual balances due plaintiff.

Costs are allowances which are authorized to reimburse the successful party to an action or proceeding and are in the nature of incidental damages to indemnify a party against the expense of successfully asserting his rights. “The theory upon which they are allowed to a plaintiff is that the default of the defendant made it necessary to sue him; and to a defendant, that the plaintiff sued him without cause. Thus the party to blame pays costs to the party without fault. . . . While costs are frequently allowed to both parties, or to many parties, payable out of a fund, ‘the general rule is that the successful party, although he may be denied costs, never pays them.' ’’ (Stevens v. Central Nat. Bank of Boston, 168 N. Y. 560 [ 61 N. E. 904 , 906].)

Here, while this court directed the trial court to strike a new account in which the trustees be credited with the $2,500 item expended by them for the support and maintenance of the beneficiaries; that the trustees be allowed a reasonable sum for their compensation in accordance with equitable principles and that simple interest only be charged against them for the amount, if any, found to be due the

Respondent contends that a court of equity has not authority, once having exercised its discretion in the matter of awarding costs, to later amend its judgment so as to withhold costs, and it must be held that where a judgment carrying costs has been appealed from and affirmed with certain modifications ordered, which in no manner concern or affect the judgment for costs, the trial court is without power or authority, when the case is remanded for modification in accordance with the decision of the appellate court, to modify the provisions of its own judgment awarding costs.

The precise point here presented appears to be one of first impression in this state. It is true that in Stevens v. Central Nat. Bank of Boston, supra, it is said: “The plaintiffs, for instance, having recovered the costs of the last appeal to the general term by a judgment which has not been disturbed in that respect, cannot be deprived of their right to those costs; for the judgment is an adjudication that they were entitled to the costs of that court, and that the defendants were not. So long as the judgment stands, it is conclusive upon the question. An award of the same costs to the defendants would, in effect, deprive the plaintiffs of the benefit of their judgment without their consent. ... If a new trial had been granted by the federal court, or if there were no judgments for costs in favor of the plaintiff, standing undisturbed by the action of the various appellate courts through which they have passed, a different question would be presented; but, with those judgments in force, we think the special term had no power to award the costs under consideration to the defendants.” There the mandate of the Supreme Court of the United States makes its opinion a part of the judgment, and, as said by the court of appeals of New York, “both the mandate and the opinion must be read together, in order to learn what the court did. When thus read, it is clear that the judgments of the state

In the present case, had a formal reversal been ordered upon the last appeal, there can be no question but that the matter of trial costs would have been set at large. [3] Costs upon appeal are merely incidental to the judgment

A judgment is not a final determination of the rights of the parties pending an appeal (Estate of Ricks, 160 Cal. 467 [ 117 Pac. 539 ]; People v. Bank of San Luis Obispo, 159 Cal. 65 [Ann. Cas. 1912B, 1148, 37 L. R. A. (N. S.) 934 , 112 Pac. 866 ]), and an action is deemed pending while an appeal from the judgment is pending (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1049; Gillmore v. American C. I. Co., 65 Cal. 63 [ 2 Pac. 882 ]) and we think when it. was made to appear upon a recasting of the account, as directed by this court, that defendants and not plaintiff were the prevailing parties, the court had the power, and it was its duty, to relieve defendants, if they were without fault, of the costs assessed against them, as the successful party is never required to pay the costs incurred by the unsuccessful party. (Couch v. Millard, 41 Hun (N. Y.), 212, 215; Stevens v. Central Nat. Bank of Boston, supra.) We find nothing in Whiting v. Squeglia, 70 Cal. App. 108 [ 232 Pac. 986 ], nor in Silva v. Angelo, 52 Cal. App. 75 [ 198 Pac. 56 ], cited by respondent, contrary to this conclusion. The Whiting case was one in claim and delivery, brought to recover possession of an automobile. Defendant in the action answered the .complaint and by stipulation filed a cross-complaint alleging fraud in the sale of the car on a conditional sales contract, and the judgment went for defendant on his cross-complaint. The court held that the trial court did not err in striking plaintiff’s cost bill from the files and awarding costs to defendant, although the judgment, which was entered in favor of defendant, was to the effect that he was entitled to retain possession of the automobile until he was paid $3,500, with his costs;

Respondent urges that appellants cannot recover costs, they not having filed a cost bill as required by section 1033 of the Code of Civil Procedure. While this is true, it may be said that appellants are not claiming that they are entitled to costs, but merely ask to be relieved of the costs assessed against them.

The controversy over the question of interest involves but $60.30, being the aggregate of the following three interest items: “Nov. 30, 1894, Interest on $1663.55, balance favor Anita Christal Purdy as of March 9, 1894, less $1000— $663:35 for 8 months and 22 days, $33.81; Nov. 30, 1895, Interest on $1179.63, balance favor Anita Christal Purdy as of Nov. 30, 1894, less $1000 for 1 year, $12.57; Nov. 30, 1903, Interest on $1198.79, balance fgvor Anita Christal Purdy as of Nov. 30, 1902, less $1000 for 1 year, $13.92.” The $1,000 for which interest was not allowed being an ■amount the court found the trustees were justified in retaining in their hands to meet current expenses. The remittitur issued out of this court directed “that simple interest only be charged against them (the trustees) for the amount, if any, found to be due the plaintiff.” Appellants contend that this language was intended to refer only to any balance found to be due the plaintiff at the end of the accounting period, January 1, 1909, that is, the final balance, and was not meant to apply to intermediate balances. We do not so interpret this language of the former opinion. Furthermore, as suggested by counsel for respondent, appellants’ asserted interpretation of this clause of the former opinion would, if applied, deprive them of interest on the annual balances in the account as restated in their favor, aggregating $997.62, and which have been credited to them in that account.

It is pointed out by appellants that this court in the former opinion stated that the $1,000, which was permitted to be retained by the trustees for current expenses, was “entirely inadequate for a number of years there is no

The judgment appealed from must, therefore, be reversed in so far as it awards costs to plaintiff, and otherwise affirmed, without costs in this court to either party, and the cause is remanded with direction to the trial court to exercise its discretion in the allowance of costs as provided in the statute.