Hagerty v. Conlan

This is an appeal, upon a hill of exceptions, from a judgment of dismissal.

Charles T. Conlan, the respondent herein, was on the twenty-second day of November, 1909, declared to have been elected judge of the police court of the city and county of San Francisco.

On the first day of December, 1909, the appellant, an elector of said city and county, instituted proceedings in the superior court, under the provisions of part III, title II of the Code of Civil Procedure, contesting the right of respondent to the office.

The court thereupon designated the third day of January, 1910, as the time for a special session of the court to hear and determine the contest. On the twenty-seventh day of December, 1909, the clerk of the court issued a citation, directed to respondent, commanding him to appear at the special session of the court on the day designated, and answer appellant’s statement of contest. This citation was delivered to the sheriff of the city and county of San Francisco, and it was returned as having been served upon respondent by leaving a copy thereof at his last known place of residence.

On January 3, 1910, the day previously designated by the court for the holding of a special session, respondent, without submitting to the jurisdiction of the court, appeared specially, and in open court filed a written notice of motion to dismiss the proceedings, upon the ground that the citation had not

There was pending in the said superior court at the same time the contest in question was instituted another contest "between Fred L. Hilmer et al. and Thomas P. O’Dowd for the office of supervisor of the city and county of San Francisco. The service of the citation in this latter contest, as in the case at bar, was by the trial court declared to be fatally defective. Both contests had been consolidated, and were to be heard together, when O’Dowd made application to this court for an alternative writ of prohibition directed to said superior court, which was granted; and later on January 18, 1910, the said superior court was peremptorily prohibited by this court from proceeding in the contest against him for precisely the same reasons given in the case of Conlan upon the issuance of the alternative writ of prohibition therein.

On January 18, 1910, Charles T. Conlan, the respondent herein, orally moved the said superior court to vacate the order of January 6, 1910, denying his motion to dismiss the contest against him, and in lieu thereof to enter an order

On the twenty-fifth day of January, 1910, the trial court denied appellant’s application for an order directing the issuance of an alias citation, “upon the ground that the issuance and service of an alias citation would necessitate a continuance of said proceeding, and that said court had no jurisdiction or authority to grant a further continuance of said proceeding. ’ ’

In the judgment which was subsequently entered upon this minute order it is recited that “Charles T. Conlan . . . having moved this court in writing to dismiss the above-entitled proceeding upon the grounds enumerated in said written motion, and among others because of the want of jurisdiction of this court in the premises; . . . and the court having taken said motion under advisement and thereafter denied the same; and in the meantime the district court of appeal in and for the first appellate district having pronounced the law in election contest cases with respect to the nature and mode of service of citation in election contests; and . . . the attorneys for said Charles T. Conlan having thereafter moved this court . . . to vacate and set aside the said order denying -said motion to dismiss, and to grant said respondent’s motion upon all of the grounds, affidavits and records and showing upon which said motion to dismiss had first been made, as aforesaid, . . . and now being fully advised in the premises, it is by the court ordered that said motion to vacate and set aside said order denying said motion first made herein, be granted

On the eighteenth day of March, 1910, upon the petition of Hilmer, the contestant in the 0 ’Dowd case, the proceedings in that case had in this court, wherein a peremptory writ of prohibition was granted, were transferred for rehearing and decision to the supreme court of the state. Upon the rehearing there 0’Dowd’s application for a-writ of prohibition was denied on October 28, 1910.

On this rehearing of the 0 ’Dowd case it was held and finally decided by the supreme court that the superior court of the city and county of San Francisco acquired jurisdiction of the subject matter of the contest by the filing of the statement of contest within the prescribed statutory time; that the provisions of section 1119, Code of Civil Procedure, are simply directory, and therefore could not be construed as a limitation upon the jurisdiction of the trial court; that under the provisions of section 1121 of the Code of Civil Procedure the trial court was invested with jurisdiction, when it appeared that, without any fault on the part of the contestant, there had been a failure to serve the citation in the manner and within the time prescribed by law, to continue the hearing of the contest for a period not further than twenty days from the date designated by the court for the hearing of the contest, and order another citation to issue for service upon the contestee; and finally, that "a reasonable construction of the provisions relative to contests of election requires the conclusion that mere failure of the sheriff to serve the citation on the party whose office is contested in due form or at all before the day fixed for the hearing did not affect the jurisdiction of the court to further entertain the contest against petitioner.” (O’Dowd v. Superior Court, 158 Cal. 537 , [ 111 Pac. 751 ].)

The question of law arising out of the facts of this case, as to the jurisdiction of the lower court to proceed with the contest, and now presented to this court upon appeal from the judgment of dismissal, is precisely the same as that decided by the supreme court upon, substantially, a similar state of facts in the O’Dowd case on application there for a writ of prohibition. The decision of the supreme court of the question of jurisdiction involved in the 0 ’Dowd case is decisive of the principal question presented here; and we, therefore, are

Upon the hearing of the O’Dowd case the supreme court declined to discuss or decide the effect of the lower court’s failure to make, on the day when if first met in special session, or at any time thereafter, an order for the continuance of the proceeding and the issuance of an alias citation, upon the ground that the action of the lower court in that behalf was not involved in the petition for a writ of prohibition and could not be reviewed in that proceeding. The same question, however, is presented upon this appeal, and must be here decided.

The trial court, in refusing the request of appellant for an alias citation, evidently acted in the belief that section 1118 of the Code of Civil Procedure, with reference to the order fixing a day for the special session, was mandatory rather than directory; that, having once made an order fixing a day for the hearing of the contest, such order could not be changed or superseded by a second order designating another day for the hearing, and the order of dismissal having been made at a period of time more than twenty days distant from January 3, 1910, the day originally set, jurisdiction to hear and determine the contest was exhausted.

Section 1118 of the Code of Civil Procedure provides that within five days after the end of the time allowed for filing statements in election contests “the county clerk must notify the superior court of the county or city and county of all statements filed. The court shall thereupon- order a special session to be held, on some day to be named by it, not less than- ten nor more than twenty days from the date of such order. ...”

Notwithstanding the use of the word “thereupon,” the requirements of this section, with reference to the time of making the order designating a special session of the court, are not mandatory. “This word ‘thereupon’ does not of necessity mean immediately. (California Academy of Sciences v. Fletcher, 99 Cal. 210 , [ 33 Pac. 855 ].) As said by the supreme court of this state in Porphyry Par. Co. v. Ancker, 104 Cal.

The scope and spirit of the reasoning of the supreme court in its decision of the O’Dowd case warrants the conclusion that the failure of the sheriff to serve the original citation in conformity with section 1119 of the Code of Civil Procedure affected only the trial court’s power to proceed with the contest upon the day originally designated for the special session of the court, and that the provisions of section .1118 of the Code of Civil Procedure, requiring the court to order a special session, are not mandatory in the sense that such order shall be made upon the same day that the court is notified by the clerk of the institution of the contest. This being so, and the trial court having met in special session, at the time and place originally designated, to hear the contest, it had “all the powers necessary to a determination thereof” (Code Civ. Proc., sec. 1121); and respondent being a necessary party to a complete determination of the controversy, and not being before the court, could and should have been brought in by an alias citation. For this purpose it would have been competent and proper for the trial court to have vacated the original order calling for a special session, and in lieu thereof made another order designating another day, not less than ten nor more than twenty days from the date of the second order, when the court would again sit in special session to hear and determine the contest. (Thomas v. Van Zandt, 56 Wash. 595 , [ 106 Pac. 141 ].)

As far as the record here discloses, but one order for the continuance of the contest itself was made and entered by the trial court. This was the order made on January 6, 1910, after the motion to dismiss was first heard and determined, continuing the hearing of the contest to the next day, January 7, 1910. From this date on it is apparent that the hearing of the contest upon its merits was suspended pending the determination by this court of the trial court’s power to pro

It will be noted that but one motion to dismiss the proceeding for lack of jurisdiction was made by respondent, and that this motion was presented to the trial court on January 3, 1910, the date originally set for the special session of the court, and this motion was disposed of on January 6, 1910.

Thereafter, on January 18, 1910, upon the oral motion of respondent the trial court vacated and set aside its order of January 6,1910, denying the motion to dismiss, and thereupon the attorneys for respondent moved the trial court “to grant said respondent’s motion (to dismiss) upon all of the grounds, affidavits, records and showing upon which said motion to dismiss had been first made. ...”

On January 24, 1910, the trial court ordered “that said proceeding be dismissed and the said motion to dismiss the same is hereby granted. ’ ’

It is but fair to assume from all that was said and done in the premises that it was the intent and purpose of the trial court and of the parties to the proceeding that the order of dismissal, although made and entered on January 24, 1910, should relate back to and be considered as having been made on January 3, 1910. This interpretation of the situation re

The judgment is reversed, and the trial court directed to designate another day for a special session of the court; to thereupon issue an alias citation for service upon respondent, and upon a return thereof showing a service in the manner and within the time required by law, to hear and determine the contest.

Kerrigan, J., and Hall, J., concurred.