People ex rel. City of Pasadena v. City of Monterey Park

J.—This is an action in the nature of quo warrmto in which the plaintiffs challenge the right of the defendants to exercise the franchise of a city and its respective offices. The plaintiffs claim that by virtue of certain proceedings begun on the seventeenth day of April, 1916, and completed on the fourteenth day of August, 1916, certain territory was annexed to and became a part of the city of Alhambra. Defendants claim that by proceedings begun on the eighth day of May, 1916, and completed on the twenty-ninth day of May, 1916, the city of Monterey Park became a municipal corporation of the sixth class. The alleged city includes territory which was a part of the territory included in the annexation proceedings. The annexation proceedings were conducted under the Annexation Act of 1913, [Stats. 1913, p. 587], and the incorporation proceedings were conducted under the Municipal Corporations Act of 1883, [Stats.

[1]. The first proposition urged by appellants is that, since the petition for annexation was received and acted upon by the commission of the city of Alhambra and an annexation election had been called prior to the commencement of the proceedings for the organization of the city of Monterey Park, the board of supervisors of Los Angeles County did not have jurisdiction to entertain and act upon a petition calling for proceedings to organize a city including a part of the same territory while the annexation proceedings were pending. In considering this contention let it be assumed that valid annexation proceedings were pending at the time when the incorporation proceedings of defendant city were commenced. The question involved does not appear to have been passed upon by the courts of this state. The only decisions referred to in the briefs are those cited by appellants, and they all sustain the proposition stated. Especially in point are People v. Morrow, 181 111. 315, [ 54 N. E. 839 ]; Taylor v. City of Ft. Wayne, 47 Ind. 274 ; Independent District of Shelton v. Board of Supervisors, 51 Iowa, 658 , [ 2 N. W. 590 ], The Illinois decision contains a statement of the other two cases, and the court said: “As between courts of co-ordinate jurisdiction, the tribunal first acquiring jurisdiction retains it, and is not to be interfered with by another co-ordinate court. The reason of the rule is that otherwise confusion and conflict would arise. Here power is given over the same territory to two parties authorized to act,—one a city council or board of trustees, who may attach it to a municipality to which it is adjacent; the other, a majority of the legal voters within its boundary, who may organize it into a village.” Further along it is said: “It cannot, we think, be presumed that the legislature intended to give citizens and legal voters of certain territory the power to organize a village, and at the same time authorize other parties, by a subsequent proceeding, to defeat that right; and it is clear that to hold otherwise would be to bring into conflict, resulting in confusion, the two opposing powers, or, speaking in a general sense, jurisdictions. Had the petition for annexation been first presented to the city council, and its action postponed from time to time, until, by a subsequent proceeding, the organization of

[2] The other contention urged by respondents in opposition to the proposition stated is based upon the provisions of section 7 of the Annexation Act of 1913, as amended in 1915. (Stats. 1915, p. 309.) That section deals with the exclusiveness of annexation proceedings first instituted by-one city as against annexation proceedings affecting the same territory and instituted by another city while the first proceedings remain pending. As to a controversy arising out of such conflicting annexation proceeding’s, the statute speaks unnecessarily, if the unwritten law relied upon by appellants, and to which we have already referred, would he applicable to such a case. We are satisfied that it would so apply and that section 7 is merely declaratory of existing law. Respondents argue, however, that by reason of the enactment of section 7 the legislature sought to fix and limit the jurisdiction of a municipality attempting to annex, under that act, and that it should be presumed that the legislature expressed

We come now to the question whether, as contended by respondents, the annexation proceedings were in fact void. The territory included in the annexation proceedings was in those proceedings treated as one tract of inhabited territory adjoining the city of Alhambra. Its real character was that of a series of parcels of land. This is made manifest by anaylsis of the description, and is exhibited to the eye by inspection of defendants’ exhibit “A,” which is shown in the transcript. The entire territory contains 661.82 acres, far the greater part of which is, and at all. times herein mentioned was, a tract of land belonging to the relators, situated nearly two miles south of the south boundary of the city of Alhambra, as that city was constituted on the seventeenth day of April, 1916. For convenience, this tract is in the record called “new sewer farm.” The remainder of the annexation territory consists of (1) three narrow strips (nowhere more than three hundred feet wide), which run around the north, the east and the south sides of a tract of land designated in the record as “old sewer farm,” which belongs to the city of Pasadena, and is located immediately east of the city of Alhambra; (2) five strips of land connecting the three above-mentioned strips with the new sewer farm. These five strips consist of (a) a parcel thirty feet wide, being the south half of that part of Heilman Avenue; (b) a parcel seventy feet wide, being the entire width of Garfield Avenue; (c) a parcel sixty feet wide, being the entire width of Newmark Avenue;

[3] On these facts it is too plain to admit any doubt that the annexation proceedings were on their face an attempt by the flimsiest subterfuge to treat as inhabited various uninhabited tracts of land, and to annex them 'to the city of Alhambra under the form of proceedings prescribed by a statute which applies solely to annexation of inhabited territory. It is likewise clear that such proceedings were a palpable fraud upon the inhabitants of the community through whose lands the cord of connection was run from the land adjoining Alhambra to the limits of the new sewer, farm. The annexation petition showed on its face that several of the parcels included were public highways and that therefore -they could not be inhabited territory.

“It is not disputed that there are in force in California three separate statutes under which anilexations of territory to municipalities may be made: Act of 1889 (Stats. 1889,

p. 358), of 1899 (Stats. 1899, p. 37), and of 1913 (Stats. 1913, p. 587). The distinctive features of these acts, as far as germane to the present consideration and pointed out by respondents, are as follows: (1) Act of 1889 for annexation of inhabited territory upon petition of electors of existing city; (2) act of 1899 for annexation of uninhabited territory; (3) act of 1913 for annexation of inhabited territory upon petition of electors in territory proposed to be»annexed, which territory may be either (a) one body (sections 2 to 4), or (b) two or more bodies, which must be submitted as separate propositions (section 6).” (People v. City of Lemoore, 37 Cal. App. 79 , [ 174 Pac. 93 ].)

People v. Town of Ontario, 148 Cal. 625 , [ 84 Pac. 205 ], was an action to determine the validity of municipal annexation proceedings. The original city area was in the form of a square. The proposed annexation was of a broad band of territory completely surrounding the city. It was claimed that some of the included parcels of land were uninhabited, and therefore could not be annexed except by proceedings under the act of 1899. In response to this claim, the court (page 641) said: “Upon this branch of the case, a full consideration of the acts of the legislature satisfies us that the act of 1899' was never designed to in any way affect any of the provisions of the act of 1889, so far as territory which, taken as a whole, may fairly be said to be inhabited territory is concerned, and the evidence in the case at bar was such as to sustain the conclusion of the court below to the effect that the territory here annexed was of that character, notwithstanding the presence of several uninhabited tracts or parcels, each exceeding five acres in area. If the ‘territory’ proposed to be annexed, regarded as a whole, may fairly be said to be inhabited, the proceedings must be had under the act of 1889, regardless of the number of parcels of land included therein that are uninhabited. Any other construction of the act of 1899 would materially affect the act of 1889, which, it is clearly indicated, was never intended. It is expressly provided in section 5 of the act of 1889 [1899] that ‘nothing in this act shall be deemed to repeal the provisions of any act now providing for the annexation of inhabited territory.’ ” There may be cases wherein it would be difficult to pass upon the question whether a described territory “regarded as a

Appellants contend that the defense based upon the invalidity of the annexation proceedings cannot be maintained, because such defense comes by way of collateral attack in a quo warranto ease. They say that quo warra/nto is not a proceeding wherein the court may inquire into the question whether the commission of the city of Alhambra did or did not wholly and fairly and completely do and determine everything necessary to be determined when they granted the petition for annexation and annexed the territory in question. They rely upon People v. Town of Ontario, 148 Cal. 625 , [ 84 Pac. 205 ], where it was held that in a quo warranto proceeding the determination of the city board of trustees affirming the genuineness and numerical sufficiency of the signatures to the petition would not be inquired into in such proceeding, and 'that the findings and determination of the board must be deemed conclusive “in a quo warranto proceeding, or in any case where the order is collaterally attacked. ’ ’ In furthér elucidation of the basis upon which its conclusions rested, the court said: “Under the decisions the . order of the board calling the election must here be taken as conclusive evidence that the petition presented, sufficient on its face, „was in effect sufficiently signed by electors to confer the requisite power, and that the finding of the board to that effect, be it express or implied, was sustained by satisfactory-proof.”

[4] Assuming, without deciding, that the question whether or not all of the territory included was inhabited, was regularly submitted to and decided by the commission of the city of Alhambra, such decision is not final in this case. This is so because, for the reasons which we have stated, the petition was “on its face” not sufficient. And it is worthy of notice that in People v. City of Lemoore, supra, which was an action

[5] Since, therefore, there was in fact no valid pending annexation proceeding in existence on the eighth day of May, 1916, affecting any of the territory included in the proceedings for incorporation of the city of Monterey Park, it follows that the board of supervisors was authorized to receive and act upon the petition for such incorporation, and that the incorporation proceedings, conceded to be regular in form are valid.

The judgment is affirmed.

Shaw, J., and James, J., concurred.