Cavasso v. Downey

Plaintiff brought this action seeking to recover upon three promissory notes for one thousand dollars each. Judgment was entered for the defendant, and the plaintiff appeals.

The defendant, by failure to deny, admitted the execution of the notes, denied that they have not been paid, and averred a failure of. consideration therefor. He further alleged that the notes were procured by plaintiff through fraud and deceit. In this connection defendant averred, and the lower court found, that for some time prior to the making of the notes plaintiff and defendant were engaged in the manufacture, buying, and selling paints, glass, oils, and other merchandise, as copartners, under the firm name and designation, “ Downey-Cavasso Class and Paint Company,” with a place of business in the city of Oakland, and that they continued to engage in and conduct said business under that name, and as such copartners, until October 31, 1914, the date of the notes sued upon; that on that date the plaintiff sold to defendant all his right, title, and interest in the business, and the goodwill thereof, to defendant, and that defendant purchased the same from

In addition to the foregoing facts, which were alleged and found, the trial court also found that the copartnership between plaintiff and defendant “continued in name as such until January, 1913, when they [plaintiff and defendant] formed a corporation under the same trade name as before; that all of the shares of stock in the corporation, that were issued, were issued to themselves equally, excepting one share which was issued and delivered to the bookkeeper in order to qualify him as a director; that thereafter said plaintiff and defendant continued to conduct the said business as before, in all essential and substantial ways; . . . that on or about the thirty-first day of October, 1914, the plaintiff sold ‘all his interest in and to the said business’ to the defendant on the following terms: One (1) Mack Automobile truck valued at about two thousand dollars; four thousand dollars in two promissory notes of one thousand dollars and three thousand dollars each. Later the three thousand dollar note was . divided into three notes of one thousand dollars each, which are the notes involved in the above-entitled action and on which the present action is brought; that, at or about said time, the said plaintiff transferred three hundred and eighty (380) shares of stock in the said corporation to the defendant, together with all of his interest in and to said business, and covenanted as follows: ‘It is further agreed . . . that the said party of the second part [Cavasso] will not engage in any business in competition

From the foregoing facts the court legally concluded that there was an entire want of consideration for the promissory notes, and that plaintiff was not entitled to recover. Judgment for the defendant was entered accordingly; hence this appeal.

This is the third time the parties to the foregoing transaction have been before this court. In the first instance the defendant here, as plaintiff, sought damages, and prayed for injunctive relief against this plaintiff, for alleged violation of the agreement not to again engage in business. In affirming the judgment of the lower court, entered after an order sustaining a demurrer to the amended complaint, the court said: “If it had unequivocally appeared from the allegations of the complaint that the plaintiff and defendant had, by agreement, express or implied, continued their relations as copartners in conjunction with their relation as stockholders of the corporation, the law would take cognizance of such dual relationship and deal with ‘the parties in the light of their agreement, independently of their incorporation’ (Shorb v. Beaudry, 56 Cal. 446 ), and if, in fact, such had been the relationship of the parties, to plead it with perspicuity would, it seems to us, have been a very simple matter.” (Downey v. Cavasso, 36 Cal. App. 316 -318, [ 171 Pac. 1077 ].)

The next controversy arising out of this transaction to engage the attention of this court was an appeal, by the defendant here, from a judgment in favor of this same plaintiff, for the sum of one thousand dollar^ with interest.

It is apparent that the appellant has now attempted, by pleading and proofs, to make his actions conform to the decision, on the first appeal, and has sought, in like manner, to escape from the results which must follow, if the facts subject his case to the application of the law followed by us in the second instance.

[1] We will first consider appellant’s contention that the evidence is not sufficient to support the finding that the partnership between Cavasso and Downey continued to exist

Respondent relies upon the showing that the copartnership and the corporation bore the same name; that plaintiff and defendant owned all the issued shares of stock, except one; that, after incorporation, according to defendant’s testimony, business was conducted in the same manner as before, the plaintiff and the defendant still considering themselves partners in the business. On the part of plaintiff, it appears that immediately after the incorporation of the Downey-Cavasso Glass and Paint Company, a stockholders’ meeting whs held, directors elected, a code of by-laws adopted and ordered engrossed. The directors thereupon duly organized by the election of Downey as president, Cavasso as vice-president, and Schuler (the bookkeeper) as secretary. The by-laws were approved and subscribed. The place of business of the corporation was fixed. A corporate seal was procured. Certificates of stock were prepared. The president, or vice-president, and secretary were, by proper resolution, authorized to sign and indorse checks and drafts on behalf of the corporation. The firm of J. C. Downey and I. L. Cavasso, copartners, doing business under the firm name and style of Downey-Cavasso Glass and Paint Company, executed a bill of sale transferring to the corporation everything appertaining to the business, theretofore carried on by it, in consideration for which transfer the corporation issued to Downey and to Cavasso, each, 380 shares of its capital stock, certificates for which were delivered. At the same time the corporation, by action of the directors, directed the sale of two hundred shares of its stock, at the par value of one hundred dollars, in order to secure “capital to enlarge its capacity and liquidate some of its outstanding indebtedness.” This stock Downey attempted to sell. The minutes of a number of directors’ meetings appear in the record, from which it appears that the borrowing of money, approval of contracts, election of directors, and secretaries and other matters, were acted upon in corporate capacity. The corporation gave its notes for the

From a careful scrutiny of the entire record, from which the foregoing recital of the evidence is drawn, we are unable to discover the “conflict in the testimony’’ relied upon by respondent to support the finding of the court that the partnership between appellant and respondent continued after the formation of the corporation. Respondent’s conclusion in the matter, as testified to by him, is not sufficient to offset the positive showing to the contrary, and is incompetent to raise an issue, or present a conflict in the testimony. There was no other evidence which has that effect. Neither does the evidence lend weight to the contention of respondent that, “as between themselves,’’ appellant and he were partners, nor does it bring the facts within the rule referred to in Downey v. Cavasso, supra, to the effect that if the appellant and respondent had, by agreement, continued their relations as copartners, in conjunction with their relation as stockholders of the corporation, the law would take cognizance of such dual relation, and deal with the parties independently of their incorporation. If such an agreement ever existed it was not alleged or proved.

In the absence of such an agreement, we find nothing in the actions, or relations of the parties, bringing the case within the rule of the authorities cited by respondent, to the effect that the copartnership should be regarded as continuing. A number of the cases cited deal with the rights of third parties under such circumstances, and have no bearing in the instant case. The other authorities can be differentiated. In Shorb v. Beaudry, 56 Cal. 446 , 450, the corporation incurred no liability, did not participate in the profits of the business, no certificates of stock were issued, nor was it contemplated that any ever should be. A similar state of facts existed in Watkins v. Delahanty, 133 App. Div. 422 , [ 117 N. Y. Supp. 885 ], where it was held that the previously existing partnership was not terminated by the organization of the corporation, and the transfer to it of the partnership assets, in view of the fact that the stocks and bonds of the corporatipn were not distributed to the respective

What we have already said, in our judgment, determines the effect of the contract between the parties. In confirmation of our conclusion in that regard we are of the opinion that the parties themselves, by the language used in the written agreement, made nearly two years after the formation of the corporation, concluded argument concerning the exact nature of that transaction. The consideration passing from the defendant to plaintiff is recited to be “in full payment of all the interest of the said party of the second part [Cavasso] in the said corporation and business known as Downey-Cavasso Glass and Paint Company, a corporation, the said interest being represented by 380 shares of the _ capital stock of the said corporation, and being represented by one 'certificate, No. 5.” In fact, the conduct of the parties throughout is inconsistent with the continuance of the copartnership, and reconciliable with appellant’s claim that it was, in fact, terminated and merged into the corporation.

The trial court’s finding to the contrary is unsupported by the evidence. [2] The sale not being one in anticipation of the dissolution of the copartnership, but being merely the sale by one stockholder to another of his interest in the corporation, accomplished by the transfer of his shares of stock, the agreement not again to engage in business was void for the reasons given in the authorities already cited. (Cavasso v. Downey, supra; Chamberlain v. Augustine, supra; Dodge Stationery Co. v. Dodge, supra; Merchants Ad-Sign Co. v. Sterling, supra.)

In view of these conclusions the other points suggested by the appeal do not require consideration.

The judgment is reversed.

Knight, J., pro tem., and Richards, J., concurred.