California Packers Co. v. Merritt Fruit Co.

The complaint alleges that the defendant, in September, 1900, subscribed for one hundred and twenty-five shares of the capital stock of plaintiff at the par value of $10 per share, the same to be paid for upon call, with the exception of the first payment of twenty-five cents per share, and that the said shares were issued and delivered to defendant; that in March, 1904, plaintiff duly issued a call upon its stockholders for $6 per share upon every share of its capital stock, the call upon defendant amounting to $750, which it refused and neglected to pay, and for which sum judgment is prayed.

The answer denies the principal allegations of the complaint and alleges affirmatively that in January, 1903, defendant paid to plaintiff the sum of $4,648.22 in full payment and satisfaction of the said indebtedness and of all demands of every kind and nature, and that thereupon the plaintiff executed and delivered to defendant a release and discharge of said indebtedness.

“San Jose, Cal., Jan. 10th, 1903.

“The California Packers Company, a corporation, has this day received from the Merritt Fruit Company, a corporation, the sum of forty-six hundred forty-eight 22/100 ($4648.-22), being in full payment, satisfaction and discharge of all claims and demands of every kind and nature now or heretofore existing in favor of said The California Packers Company, or in favor of the California Cured Fruit Association, a corporation, against the said The Merritt Fruit Company; and in consideration of said payment above mentioned the said The California Packers Company covenants and agrees to hold safe and harmless and free from all liability and expenses of every kind on account of any claim or demand made or to be made by the said California Cured Fruit Association against the said The Merritt Fruit Company growing out of or based upon any contract, dealing, transaction or act of any kind by or between the said California Cured Fruit Association and the Merritt Fruit Company, of date prior hereto, and said The California Packers Company further covenants and agrees to defend and protect in any and all courts, or otherwise, at its own cost and expense, the said The Merritt Fruit Company, from any and all such above mentioned claim or claims, demand or demands.

“In witness whereof, the said The California Packers Company, by resolution of its board of directors, has caused this instrument to be subscribed by its president and secretary, and its corporate name, with corporate seal, the day and year first above written.

“CALIFORNIA PACKERS CO.,

“By W. M. GRIFFIN, President,

“(Seal) By R. W. HERSEY, Secretary.”

Findings were filed, upon which judgment was entered for plaintiff as prayed. This appeal is from the judgment on the judgment-roll with a bill of exceptions, but as the appeal was not taken within sixty days after the rendition of the judgment, we cannot, under the well-settled rule, consider the sufficiency of the evidence to justify the findings and decision. We must therefore consider the findings final as to the facts.

The court further found that the said settlement did not include, nor was it intended to include, “defendant’s obligation and liability to pay plaintiff said defendant’s unpaid portion of the subscription price upon its one hundred and twenty-five shares of plaintiff’s capital stock, or any portion thereof, or any call or demand therefor made or to be made by plaintiff’s board of directors.”

Notwithstanding the fact that we must regard the findings as true upon the record before us, we have examined the' evidence, and it supports the findings. In fact, there is no conflict. Of course, if the instrument is a contract which, by its terms, settled all claims between plaintiff and defendant, the court erred in admitting evidence to explain it, and to show the circumstances under which it was given, but it is not such contract. It was as to defendant a mere receipt for money. The fact that it stated that the money received was in full of all claims and demands must be held to mean the claims and demands for which the money was given in satisfaction. A receipt may always be explained, and even the amount of money stated in the receipt to have been paid may be shown by parol evidence to have been a different sum. If the amount or sum mentioned in the receipt may be contradicted by parol, there is no reason why the words “all

Now, applying the above principles to the facts of this case, the defendant was indebted, or had incurred an obligation -by which it might become indebted, to the plaintiff on a call for subscription for capital stock. The liability or indebtedness so existing could be discharged by the payment of the amount of such indebtedness. The fact of payment would extinguish the indebtedness, but certainly the giving of a receipt, of itself would not have that effect. Here the defendant said in effect, “I paid you the amount of the call of $6 per share.” The plaintiff in answer said, “You did not.” The defendant replies, “Here is a receipt for $4,-648.22 in payment of all claims of every kind and nature.” The plaintiff offered evidence to show that the receipt was for a settlement and adjustment of certain dealings in regard to dried fruits; that the amount that might become due upon a call for a subscription to the capital stock of plaintiff was in no way considered or mentioned; that the items going to make up the sum named in the receipt were all in connection with drying fruits; that the call for the $6 had not even been made, and there was nothing due upon it at the time the receipt was given. Defendant objected, and in effect said, “Oh, yes, what you say is true; but I have your receipt, and your receipt is a contract, and you cannot dispute it by parol.” It is true that there are eases in which what is called a receipt is held to be a contract notwithstanding its name; but in all such cases we apprehend it will be found that the receipt was a settlement of the matters and things for which it was given, and that it was intended to be final. There is a clause in the instrument at bar by which the plaintiff, in consideration of the said payment, agreed to save defendant harmless from all liability or claims of the “California Cured Fruit Association.” That part of

As to the claim that might arise upon a future call for defendant’s subscription to plaintiff’s capital stock, the instrument was not a contract. Such liability was not in the mind of the parties. It was not even spoken of during the settlement. Now, a contract is an agreement, upon sufficient consideration, to do or not to do some particular thing. What particular thing did the plaintiff agree to do? It certainly did not agree to cancel all liabilities of defendant by reason of its subscription to the capital stock. It did not make any agreement of any kind as to the liability in controversy. If it did, what is the consideration ? It could not be the amount of money that was paid to plaintiff, because that amount was the amount agreed upon and fixed as a settlement for the fruit transactions. To hold this instrument to be a contract in regard to the subject matter of this suit would be to hold that an agreement was made as to a thing that was never mentioned, and the money that was paid for and in regard to a different transaction a consideration for such agreement.

In Hawley & Co. v. Bader, 15 Cal. 44 , it was held in a suit upon an account against B. & S. as a firm, a receipt to B. alone signed by plaintiff “in full of all accounts and demands due us at this date” might be shown by parol evidence to cover firm as well as individual indebtedness. In Snodgrass v. Parks, 79 Cal. 56 , [ 21 Pac. 429 ], it was held that parol evidence was admissible to show that a receipt for a certain sum of money, which recited that the money was paid on a contract of purchase, was in fact given and received as payment of rent.

In the late case of Jersey Island Dredging Co. v. Whitney, 149 Cal. 269 , [ 86 Pac. 509 , 691], it was held that in an ac

So in this case the parol evidence was admitted for the purpose of showing what claims and demands were included in the settlement for which the receipt was given.

Defendant contends that its motion for judgment on the pleadings should have been granted. This contention is based upon the fact that the answer contained a copy of the instrument, and the plaintiff did not comply with section 448 of the Code of Civil Procedure by filing an affidavit denying the same. The section relied upon provides that when the defense is founded upon a written instrument, and a copy of such instrument is contained in the answer thereto, the genuineness and due execution of such instrument are deemed admitted unless the plaintiff file an affidavit denying it. The admission by reason of the failure to file this affidavit does not go beyond the language of the statute. It was thus admitted in this case that the receipt was genuine and duly executed. Plaintiff did not in any manner attempt to prove anything to the contrary. Because the instrument was genuine and duly executed, the plaintiff was not prevented from offering parol evidence as to the surrounding circumstances, and for the purpose of showing what demands were included in the receipt. Plaintiff had the right to controvert the instrument by evidence of mistake or fraud, or to show that it had no connection with the demand sued upon. (Newson v. Woollacott, 5 Cal. App. 722 , [ 91 Pac. 347 ]; Moore v. Copp, 119 Cal. 429 , [ 51 Pac. 630 ].)

Hall, J., and Kerrigan, J., concurred.

A petition for a rehearing of this cause was denied hy the district court of appeal on October 30, 1907, and a petition to have the cause heard in the supreme court, after judgment in the district court of appeal, was denied by the supreme court on November 29, 1907.