Majority
Action on breach of contract to convey realty. From an award to appellants of the amount paid on account of such contract, after deducting therefrom the rental value of the premises during the period of occupancy by appellants, the judgment has been transferred to this court by appeal.
August 21, 1951, the parties contracted orally for re
Appellants contend that of the three theories upon which they might have proceeded (Sobelman v. Maier, 203 Cal. 1 , 9 [ 262 P. 1084 ]), they elected to treat respondents’ repudiation as an end of the contract for all purposes and to sue for the profits they would have realized had they not been prevented from performing. They contend therefore that the sum of $1,595 should not have been deducted; that they were entitled to the entire sum they had paid toward the puchase price “together with any and all profits they would have made had the contract been performed, and to retain any of the benefits they received during the partial performance”—citing Fountain v. Semi-Tropic Land & Water Co., 99 Cal. 677 , 680 [ 34 P. 497 ] ; Tuso v. Green, 194 Cal. 574 [ 229 P. 327 ] ; and Pomeroy v. Bell, 118 Cal. 635 [ 50 P. 683 ], to the effect that one who enters into possession of land under an executory agreement for its purchase does not become a tenant of the vendor.
Appellants’ action is, in the main, controlled by the Civil Code, section 3306, as follows: “The detriment caused by the breach of an agreement to convey an estate in real property, is deemed to be the price paid, and the expenses properly incurred in examining the title and preparing the necessary papers, with interest thereon; but adding thereto, in case of bad faith, the difference between the price agreed to be paid and the value of the estate agreed to be conveyed, at the time of the breach, and the expenses properly incurred in preparing to enter upon the land.”
Inasmuch as the court made no finding of bad faith on the part of respondents, the judgment was correct in omitting
During their occupancy of the premises, appellants collected from their tenant of the single apartment the sum of $549. Such sum should not have been deducted from the total of $3,476.40. During that period, the property was in the possession of appellants and they were chargeable with its reasonable rental value, $1,595. Their tenant’s use was their use and was covered by the rental with which appellants were charged; they were entitled to keep the same, so the sum of $549 should be neither added to, nor subtracted from, the said total of $3,476.40.
Moreover, appellants were entitled to legal interest on each installment paid from the date of payment to the date of judgment. (Bonnelfillio v. Ricks, 214 Cal. 287 , 288 [ 4 P.2d 929 ] ; Monnette v. Title Guar. & Trust Co., 30 Cal.App.2d 428 , 434 [ 86 P.2d 848 ] ; 92 C.J.S., p. 610, subsec, b.) In an action to recover such payments “when the contract is terminated by the fault of the vendor . . . the action for the money paid is in the nature of one for money had and received” for which, in view of the termination of the contract of sale, “the vendee has received no consideration.” (Yule v. Miller, 80 Cal.App. 609 , 617 [ 252 P. 733 ].)
Payments on the contract were as follows:
September 1, 1951..........................$550
September 11, 1951 ..... 200
October 6, 1951 ............................ 100
November 26, 1951 ......................... 640
December 27, 1951 .............. 300
February 7, 1952 .......................... 400
March 15, 1952 ............................ 100
March 29, 1952 ............................ 100
April 19, 1952 ............................. 100
May 31, 1952 .............................. 100
July 3, 1952 ............................... 100
August 14, 1952 ............................ 100
October 3, 1952 ............................ 100
November 7, 1952 .......................... 100
December 23, 1952 ......................... 100
February 2, 1953 ............................ 80
February 21, 1953 .......................... 100
March 28, 1953 ............................ 100
Under the last cited authorities, appellants should recover legal interest on each payment from its date to the day of judgment, aggregating $684.15. To this should be added the interest on $106.40 paid for termite eradication September 1, 1951, to wit: $25.38, making a total of interest payments $709.53. Adding that sum to $3,476.40 gives a new total for appellants in the sum of $4,185.93. Inasmuch as appellants are to receive all sums paid to, or for the benefit of respondents, it is fair to set off the reasonable rental value of the property. (92 C.J.S., p. 627, § 582.) The court found such value to have been $55 per month, or a total of $1,595. Deducting that sum from $4,185.93 leaves $2,590.93, the net amount of appellants’ recovery.
It is therefore ordered that the judgment be and it is modified by striking the last paragraph thereof and that in lieu thereof, the following is submitted, to wit:
“It is adjudged and decreed that plaintiffs have and recover of and from the defendants in solido, the sum of $2,590.93 with interest from January 27, 1955, and costs in the sum of $33.80.”
As so modified the judgment is affirmed.
It is ordered that appellants recover all their costs of appeal.
Fox, J., and Ashburn, J. pro tem.,[1] concurred.
* Assigned by Chairman of Judicial Council.
Cases cited
- Sobelman v. Maier 203 Cal. 1 at 9 p. 140
- Fountain v. Semi-Tropic Land & Water Co. 99 Cal. 677 at 680 p. 140
- Tuso v. Green 194 Cal. 574 p. 140
- Pomeroy v. Bell 118 Cal. 635 p. 140
- Estate of Bristol v. Young 23 Cal.2d 221 at 223 p. 141
- Bonnelfillio v. Ricks 214 Cal. 287 at 288 p. 141
- Monnette v. Title Guarantee & Trust Co. 30 Cal.App.2d 428 at 434 p. 141
- Yule v. Miller 80 Cal.App. 609 at 617 p. 141