Petaluma Building Materials, Inc. v. Foremost Properties, Inc.

Petaluma Building Materials, Inc., sued Foremost Properties, Inc., and Pacific Queen Investment Company for $3,936.21, which plaintiff alleged to be the unpaid balance due and owing on a $7,886.21 contract according to the terms of which plaintiff had furnished defendants with materials used in the erection of a work of improvement on real property. Plaintiff further alleged the filing of a claim of lien against said real property and prayed that the above sum be adjudged a lien thereon. Defendants Foremost Prop

On May 22, 1956, Wallock and Bakar, a general contracting firm, entered into a $17,400 contract with Lawrence K. Dayton, doing business as United Painting Company, for the painting and finishing of an apartment house on appellants’ real property. Between June 29 and July 30, 1956, respondent, a building materials dealer, furnished Dayton with $7,886.21 worth of materials which the latter used in connection with this contract.

On June 29, 1956, Wallock and Bakar issued a check in the amount of $3,000, payable jointly to respondent and Dayton. Yern H. Miller, respondent’s agent, testified that on July 2 he had talked by telephone with an unidentified person at Wallock and Bakar, and that during this conversation it had been agreed that if respondent endorsed said check over to Dayton, Wallock and Bakar would make respondent and Dayton copayees on all subsequent checks under this contract.

On the same day respondent did in fact endorse the $3,000 check over to Dayton and did likewise with a similar check dated August 1, 1956, in the amount of $3,500. In addition to these, respondent received two other checks totaling $3,950 from Wallock and Bakar, made out to respondent and Dayton jointly, which it credited to its account. Respondent received no other payment for the aforementioned materials.

Beginning on August 1, 1956, Wallock and Bakar issued additional checks totaling at least $7,974 pursuant to the contract on which respondent was not included as a payee.

Dayton disappeared at or near the time of the contract’s completion. Neither he nor Wallock and Bakar were licensed contractors.

The court found that plaintiff and defendants, the latter acting by their agent, Wallock and Bakar, had entered into an oral agreement whereby plaintiff would endorse over and release to Dayton the said $3,000 check in consideration for

We must agree with appellants that but for the finding that appellants had promised to issue all future checks to respondent and Dayton and that respondent in reliance upon this promise had delivered the first two cheeks to Dayton, the delivery of the checks made payable to respondent and Dayton would have operated as a payment to respondent and would have discharged the debt to it. (Westwood Bldg. Materials Co. v. Valdez, 158 Cal.App.2d 107 [ 322 P.2d 79 ].)

However the question of whether a check is received in payment of a debt is one of fact depending on the intention of the parties, and here under the findings of the court the appellants not only were put on notice that respondent was not applying the check to the payment of its claim but expressly agreed by virtue of that fact to make all future checks payable to respondent and Dayton.

The witness Miller, who represented respondent, testified that on July 2, 1956, he telephoned to the office of Wallock and Bakar and was told by the woman answering the telephone that Mr. Bakar was not in. The woman asked him if he would speak to anyone else “and at the time I said if there was someone else there that had authority to make financial decisions I would talk to them, and she said the party on the other side had authority. ’ ’ His testimony continued:

“Q. And then when you talked to this person on the telephone what was the conversation ?

“A. I told him we had a check of his made out to Petaluma Building Materials and United Painting, and we wanted to sign it over to United Painting to help him in his operating expense, and the answer was it was our office, we could do whatever we wanted, which I agreed with him, but said that we would want his assurance that he would have the rest of the checks made payable to both.

“Q. And what did the person answer? A. That jura can be assured that would be done.’’

This evidence was introduced without objection. Appellants attempt to urge upon appeal that such evidence is outside the issues made by the pleadings, and in any event is not sufficient to support the finding of the court. By failing to object on the ground of variance appellants have waived their objection that the evidence was outside the issues. (Colbert v. Colbert, 28 Cal.2d 276 , 281 [ 169 P.2d 663 ]; Peck v. Noee, 154 Cal. 351 , 354 [ 97 P. 865 ]; 39 Cal.Jur.2d, Pleading,

Appellants further argue that even if this finding is supported the action was on a new contract to issue all future checks to both respondent and Dayton and therefore could not be the basis of a mechanic’s lien. The answer is that the action is on the original obligation to pay for the materials furnished to Dayton by respondent and used by Dayton in his work on appellants’ property. The finding of the promise to make all future cheeks payable to both is important as showing that appellants understood that the earlier checks might not be applied to respondent’s claim for materials and acquiesced; i.e., that appellants understood that they would not constitute a partial payment to respondent and agreed thereto.

Finally appellants argue that since Dayton was not licensed as a contractor respondent which claims “through” Dayton cannot recover. Appellants’ citations in support of this argument (S hields v. Shoaff, 116 Cal.App.2d 306 [ 253 P.2d 1002 ]; Appel v. Morford, 62 Cal.App.2d 36 [ 144 P.2d 95 ]; Holm v. Bramwell, 20 Cal.App.2d 332 [ 67 P.2d 114 ]) are not in point. In each the plaintiff was attempting as assignee or subrogee to enforce an obligation to the unlicensed contractor, i.e., stood in the unlicensed contractor’s shoes. But a material-man’s lien is a “direct lien” (Code Civ. Proc.,§ 1185.1, subd.(a)) created by Constitution and statute (Los Angeles etc. Brick Co. v. Los Angeles etc. Dev. Co., 7 Cal.App. 460 , 461 [ 94 P. 775 ]). To establish the lien the materials must

Since none of the points presented by appellants justifies a reversal the judgment is affirmed.

Kaufman, P. J., and Draper, J., concurred.

Appellants’ petition for a hearing by the Supreme Court was denied June 14, 1960. Dooling, J., did not participate therein.