Nemeth v. Pankost

On this appeal from a money judgment for a share of real estate commissions earned, the questions presented are (1) whether the lump sum finding of the amount due satisfies the requirement that the trial court’s facts found “fairly disclose the court’s determination of all issues of fact” (Code Civ. Proc., § 632), and (2) whether substantial evidence supports the amount found due. We answer these questions affirmatively and affirm the judgment.

Plaintiff worked as a real estate salesman for defendant broker from January 1, 1958, to October 1959 under two separate arrangements. Until approximately March 1, 1959, he was to be paid one-third of all commissions actually received, less one-third of the operating expenses. About March 1, 1959, the agreement was modified. The parties differ regarding the terms of the modified agreement. According to plaintiff, he was to receive 10 per cent of commissions received on all sales of properties listed by plaintiff plus 60 per cent of all commissions received on all properties sold by plaintiff. Defendant’s contention denied any agreement to pay commissions on listings, and on properties sold by plaintiff testified the agreed commission was 50 per cent.

Plaintiff sued for an accounting. Defendant furnished one with his answer filed. It was prepared by an accountant. The sales enumerated and commissions declared due were those payable under defendant’s contentions. According to defendant, plaintiff had been overpaid and defendant counterclaimed for the excess.

The trial court made findings in accordance with plaintiff’s allegations as to the terms of the modified agreement. It found $4,413.63 to be due plaintiff.

As stated above, under the original agreement one-third of operating expenses were to be deducted from plaintiff’s share. In the accounting submitted by defendant, the rental value of the office which defendant owned was claimed as an item of such expense. His testimony fixed this at $225 per month. Plaintiff testified that the “top” value was $75 per month. Since the court found that the agreement before modification had been in effect for 14 months, the deduction for rentals, if made, and if the court accepted plaintiff’s evaluation, would be $350. The findings are silent as to this and the pleadings are also.

We find it unnecessary to state in this opinion the specific amounts of the several commissions contended for by the parties respectively. The briefs state them in detail. Under plaintiff’s theory a total of $4,759.84 (without any deduction for rentals) was due. The judgment for $4,413.63 is less than this amount. The difference, $346.21, is a sum just $4.79 less than plaintiff’s figure on office rental value. (De minimis non curat lex.)

After the trial, the court requested briefs and on May 31, 1962, announced its decision. Plaintiff prepared proposed findings. No objections thereto were interposed by defendant, nor was a request for specific findings made. The findings were signed as submitted and judgment followed. A motion for a new trial was made, but the notice thereof merely stated the statutory grounds and no special findings were then requested, although procedure therefor even after judgment is provided. (Code Civ. Proc., §§ 634, 663; see Ortiz v. Avila, 222 Cal.App.2d 786 , 791 [ 35 Cal.Rptr. 522 , 526].) The memorandum of points and authorities accompanying the notice of motion consisted merely of an enumeration of the

We can speculate that the trial court’s signature to the findings as proposed may have been upon the theory that, as submitted, they covered all of the pleaded matter and that it felt all ultimate facts at issue had been included. Findings do not have to state evidentiary, as distinguished from ultimate, facts. (Lewetzow v. Sapiro, 188 Cal.App.2d 841 , 845 [ 11 Cal.Rptr. 126 ].) Here the court had found that from the commissions to be allowed, plaintiff’s share of the operating expenses were to be deducted. Absent a request for special findings we do not think it was necessary for the trial court to initiate a listing of every item coming within the category “operating expense.” So to require would be, as Justice Tobriner states in Lewetzow, supra (on p. 845), “needlessly [to] embellish the structure of the findings with rococo details.” The same may be said regarding necessity of a finding that plaintiff was entitled to a commission on the resale to Wade in the Harrison-Koenig transaction. By implication it can be determined from the amount of the judgment that a commission on this sale was allowed, also that a sum for plaintiff's share of office rental was deducted.

Defendant cites Sears v. Rule, 27 Cal.2d 131 , 149 [ 163 P.2d 443 ], and Pereira v. Pereira, 111 Cal.App.2d 359 [ 244 P.2d 754 ], as authority for the proposition that “an action for an account would not be properly disposed of by a mere statement of the balance due.” The quoted statement in the first of the two cited cases was dictum, since the court found it could there be determined how the controverted items had been disposed of. The Pereira case is distinguishable on its facts. In the case at bench, as has been pointed out above, commissions earned had been set forth in an account prepared by defendant’s accountant, the amounts due under whichever party’s theory the court adopted were determinable either therefrom or from uncontroverted facts in the record, and the difference between the maximum sum claimed by plaintiff and the judgment amount is to be explained as an allowance for office rent.

In any event, defendant, having failed to request specific findings, cannot on appeal rely upon uncertainty in that re

Unless a party unsuccessful in the trial court is given the right to obtain specific findings where general findings leave decision on any issue doubtful, his presentation of an appeal is obviously handicapped (and this was the reason stated in the Pereira case, supra—decided before the code amendments—for strict construction of the court’s obligation to make findings in accounting cases). The reason fails, however, when the losing party has had his opportunity to obtain specific findings and has failed to avail himself of the right in the trial court. It is unfair both to the trial court and to the prevailing party that an opponent who has not made use of the opportunity in the trial court should be able to lie back, bide his time until the appeal, and then assert an insufficiency of findings in this respect for the first time. To permit such devious strategems would also militate against the expeditious disposition of lawsuits.

Defendant's other argument is that there was not substantial evidence to support the implied finding that a commission was due on the Harrison-Koenig (Wade) resale. It is not disputed that the evidence sufficed to show plaintiff was entitled to a share of any commission paid, but it is urged that there was no evidence the commission had actually been received by defendant. As stated above, the contention of defendant at the trial had centered upon an insistence that plaintiff was not entitled to any commission on the resale. It frequently happens in the trial of a lawsuit that when attention is focused upon a strenuously contested eonelusional fact, proof of an apparently undisputed link by which the conclusion is reached is slighted. This happened here. There was, nevertheless, substantial proof that the commission had been received.

At the time that plaintiff was participating on a one-third