De Ponce v. System Freight Service

This isan appeal from a judgment in favor of Maria M. De Ponce for damages resulting from the death of her son, Rudolph M. Suarez, and a judgment in favor of Cipriano M. Rodriguez for damages to his truck and its load. The cases were consolidated for trial and on appeal.

Appellant presents but one ground for a reversal of

“Should you find from all the evidence in this ease that Rudolph Suarez at the time or immediately prior to the happening of this accident, drove or operated the Chevrolet truck in such a manner as to constitute a violation of the foregoing provision of law, then such conduct on his part would constitute negligence as a matter of law and should you further find from all the evidence that such negligence, if any, on the part of Rudolph Suarez was the proximate cause of the accident and that Thomas Merrill was free from contributory negligence, then and in that event, your verdict must be in favor of plaintiffs, Flavia Virginia Merrill and System Freight Service and against the defendant Cipriano M. Rodriguez.”

It should be noted that an instruction on the same subject but not in the same form was given at the request of respondents. To determine the soundness of the argument of appellant we must outline the circumstances of the collision which resulted in this litigation as the correctness of an instruction frequently depends on the facts developed at the trial.

The accident happened near Garnet on the highway between Banning and Indio. The road runs easterly and westerly and has a twenty foot paved portion in its center with five foot oiled shoulders on each side. It descends a grade easterly from Whitewater, which grade flattens out somewhat near Garnet. There are curves east of Whitewater, then the road is straight for about two or three miles to a point about half a mile east of Garnet. There are various dips in the road but the evidence does not show any of them descending more than three feet below the general grade.

Two trucks were involved in the accident which happened about midnight of June 16, 1940. Respondent Cipriano M. Rodriguez owned a Chevrolet truck which was being driven westerly on' the highway at a speed of between 35 and 45 miles per hour by Rudolph Suarez, his employee. This truck with its load of vegetables weighed 6% tons. Appellant was the owner of an Auto Car Diesel Truck (referred to as a tractor) and a semi-trailer. Both, with the load weighed 29 tons. This vehicle was being driven easterly on the highway at a speed of between 60 and 65 miles per hour by Thomas Merrill, an employee of appellant. The two vehicles came to

There was only one eyewitness who was able to give the complete story of the accident. Warren Henry Tucker was driving easterly on the highway. He saw the System truck pull out onto the highway at Whitewater about four miles west of the point of the collision, and followed it. He testified that Merrill drove the vehicle at about 35 miles an hour through the curves east of Whitewater. After reaching the straight highway its speed was increased to between 60 and 65 miles per hour and was 60 miles per hour at the time of the collision. He testified that while he was following appellant’s vehicle at about its same speed, he looked at his speedometer once and it was then registering 63 miles per hour.

He also testified that he observed appellant’s vehicle continually from Whitewater easterly to the point of the collision and followed it at a distance of between 100 and 200 feet; that it swerved from one side of the road to the other and went to the north of the .center line (its left hand side) five or six times. He described the accident as follows:

“Q. Had it (System vehicle) varied its speed, as far as you could observe,' from the time you saw it when it was a mile and a half from the accident, up until the time of the accident? A. No. Q. Mr. Tucker, did you observe the vehicle with which this System truck collided, before the accident? A. I just seen its lights. Q. Did you observe, prior to the impact, on which side of the highway these lights were ? A. On the north side of the highway. (Its proper side) . . . Q. (Mr. Welker) Mr.’ Tucker, you describe, just before the System got to Garnet, just what you óbsérved. A. He (driver for appellant) went across the line, on the north side of the highway. Q. All right; what did he do then ? A. He must have hit a little bump or something. ’ Mr. Welker : Wait a minute; I should skip that. A. He came back on his own side, and then he went across again, and he hit this truck or car, whatever was coming up. It was a truck coming up. Q. At the time that he hit this truck coming up, as you have described, on which side of the highway was that truck ? A. That truck was on the north side of the highway.”

Twó members of the California Highway Patrol reached

It is the theory of appellant that before the accident, the Chevrolet was traveling in the south (its wrong) traffic lane; that the collision occurred in that lane; that the force of the impact threw the vehicles into the positions in which they were found. From this it is argued that it was prejudicial error to refuse the requested instruction as the jury was not instructed on the law upon which the sole theory of defense of the appellant rested.

This argument rests on the testimony of two witnesses— Highway Patrol Officer Tyson and Richard William Larsen, driver of a truck.

There is evidence that the concrete pavement was topped with what is called “desert mix.” Officer Tyson testified that there was a gouge in the desert mix in the south lane; that the left front tire of the Chevrolet had blown out and that desert mix was found on the rim.

Mr. Larsen testified that he was driving westerly on the highway; that the Chevrolet truck and a second truck driven by a Japanese passed him east of Garnet; that the Chevrolet

At no time did Larsen testify directly that the Chevrolet truck was on its left side of the pavement. He testified he could not see the white line in the center of the pavement. However, in his cross-examination, one counsel in his questions assumed that the witness had so testified and to that extent there might be some testimony construed to that effect.

If we assume that the Chevrolet was driven to the south half of the pavement just before the accident, and that the collision occurred in the south traffic lane in accordance with

“It is clear that an instruction directing a verdict for the plaintiff in the event that the jury finds certain facts to be true, must embrace all the things necessary to show the legal liability of the defendant and to warrant the direction or conclusion contained therein that plaintiff is entitled to a verdict, and such is the rule in this state.”

While it is generally true that violation of a statute is negligence this is not always the case. One important exception comes under the sudden peril rule. Where one is suddenly confronted with an emergency in which his own safety is imperiled, and when such a sudden emergency is created by the unlawful act of another, the failure to act in such a manner as would conserve his own safety does not necessarily establish negligence or contributory negligence in law. (Cannon v. Kemper, 23 Cal.App.2d 239 [ 73 P.2d 268 ] ; Jolly v. Clemens, 28 Cal.App.2d 55 [ 82 P.2d 51 ].) In the last cited case the identical question now before us was considered and it was said:

“We do not think that the legislative narrowing in 1935 by the enactment of section 525 of the Vehicle Code of the statutory exceptions theretofore existing to the obligation normally to drive upon the right half of the roadway, was intended to affect this situation or to apply to the conduct of drivers when suddenly and without fault on their part [they are] confronted by emergencies.”

While it is usually held that whether a person has been suddenly confronted with imminent peril is a question of fact to be submitted to a jury (Kehlor v. Satterlee, 37 Cal. App.2d 116 [ 98 P.2d 759 ]) still the requested instruction should not have been given without incorporating a proper statement of the law on that subject, as the violation of the law by driving a motor vehicle on the wrong side of the highway may be excused under some circumstances if the jury concludes the sudden peril rule is applicable to the facts before it.

In the instant case the least that can be said is that the

It has also been held that section 525 of the Vehicle Code is applicable to vehicles traveling in the same direction. (Mathers v. County of Riverside, 22 Cal.2d 781 [ 141 P.2d 419 ].)

Further, if we assume without holding that the instruction was proper and should have been given, we cannot reverse the judgment, for a careful study of all the record leaves the conclusion that there has been no miscarriage of justice in this ease. (Const., art. VI, § 4%.) The evidence that appellant’s vehicle was on its wrong side of the highway when it ran into the Chevrolet seems convincing with very little substantial evidence contradicting it.

For the benefit of the bar in general, as well as counsel for appellant in particular, we wish to call attention to rule 5, and to subdivision “b” of rule 10 of Rules on Appeal which places on counsel the burden of proceeding to get the exhibits before the reviewing court. In this court these rules are more honored in their breach than in their observance. The failure of counsel to observe them has caused inconveniences and delays which should have been unnecessary.

The judgments are affirmed.

Barnard, P. J., and Griffin, J., concurred.

Appellant’s petition for a hearing by the Supreme Court was denied December 4, 1944.