Del Real v. City of Riverside

City notified Del Real that her application for leave to present a late claim was denied, and advised her that should she desire to file a court action, she would need to seek relief from the claims filing requirements of the Government Code within six months. Del Real filed a petition, but it was not received by the court until September 9, 1999. Then, according to her own admission, the petition was withdrawn before it was ruled upon.

On or about November 20, 1998, the date in the record is unclear, Del Real, and two others not parties to this appeal, filed a complaint against Defendants seeking recompense for property damage, personal injury, emotional distress and also seeking punitive damages as a result of the accident. She alleged compliance with the claims filing requirements. Defendants subsequently filed a motion for summary judgment or in the alternative summary adjudication of each of Del Real’s causes of action, based upon Del Real’s failure to comply with the mandatory claims filing provisions of the Government Code. Del Real opposed the motion on the ground that her March 10, 1998, letter to Charrette was sufficient to constitute a claim under the Government Code. The trial court was not convinced and summary judgment was granted after a hearing on February 28, 2001. Judgment was entered for Defendants on March 19, 2001. This appeal followed.

Discussion

A. Del Real’s Jurisdictional Argument Lacks Merit

In her reply brief, Del Real argues for the first time that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to rule on Defendants’ motion for summary judgment because her counsel refused to stipulate that the motion for summary judgment could be heard by a temporary judge. The California Constitution, article VI, section 21 provides that “[o]n stipulation of the parties litigant the court may order a cause to be tried by a temporary judge who is a member of the State Bar, sworn and empowered to act until final determination of the cause.” Absent a valid stipulation, a temporary judge has no jurisdiction to act and any actions purportedly taken are therefore void. (In re Horton (1991) 54 Cal.3d 82 , 90 [ 284 Cal.Rptr. 305 , 813 P.2d 1335 ].)

The only evidence in the record that has anything at all to do with this issue is a brief colloquy between counsel and the trial court at the time of the hearing. The trial court stated that “the stipulation does indicate it’s for all matters, and so I believe since you did stipulate before that I have no ability to send this to another department.” Counsel responded, “I understand. I just wanted to preserve [the objection] for the record.” Although the record does not contain the stipulation that the trial court was apparently referring to, Del

Real’s assertions in her reply brief support the conclusion that her counsel had previously signed a stipulation authorizing the temporary judge to hear and rule on “all matters,” including the instant motion for summary judgment.

The reply brief points to the “vehement” and “powerful” objections, characterizations that are belied by the record, made at the commencement of the hearing, and asserts that they should have led to counsel being afforded the opportunity to withdraw his stipulation pursuant to California Rules of Court, rule 244(f) (which the brief incorrectly identifies as rule 244(g)). The suggestion that the trial court was under some obligation to inform counsel of his right to petition to withdraw his stipulation and then, of its own accord, offer him additional time to do so is utterly lacking in support and in merit. It has long been held that counsel is presumed to know the law. (King v. Superior Court (1936) 12 Cal.App.2d 501 , 509 [ 56 P.2d 268 ].) Further, there is no evidence in the record that counsel ever requested, either orally or in writing, that he be allowed to file a motion to withdraw his stipulation. The record demonstrates that counsel was aware, well in advance of the hearing, that it would be presided over by a temporary judge. Still, it does not appear that he undertook any effort to comply with the provisions of California Rules of Court, rule 244(f), regarding the withdrawal of stipulations to temporary judges. The record before us does not reflect any good cause that might have been present to support the withdrawal, and counsel has not alleged any such good cause. Unless the presiding or designated judge, in his or her discretion, relieves a party from his or her stipulation, the party and the courts are bound by it. (Robinson v. Workers’ Comp. Appeals Bd. (1987) 194 Cal.App.3d 784 , 790 [ 239 Cal.Rptr. 841 ].)

It is the appellant’s burden to demonstrate the existence of reversible error. (San Joaquin Raptor/Wildlife Rescue Center v. County of Stanislaus (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 608 , 626 [ 49 Cal.Rptr.2d 494 ].) Del Real has failed in that burden by failing to provide any evidence that there was not a valid stipulation to the commissioner in effect at the time of the hearing. On the record before us, we cannot conclude that the trial court acted outside its jurisdiction in hearing and ruling on the motion for summary judgment.

B. Standard of Review on Summary Judgment

The purpose of summary judgment “is to provide courts with a mechanism to cut through the parties’ pleadings in order to determine whether, despite their allegations, trial is in fact necessary to resolve their dispute. [Citations.]” (Aguilar v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (2001) 25 Cal.4th 826 , 844 [ 107 Cal.Rptr.2d 841 , 24 P.3d 493 ].) Our de novo review is

governed by Code of Civil Procedure section 437c, which provides in subdivision (c) that a motion for summary judgment may only be granted when, considering all of the evidence set forth in the papers and all inferences reasonably deducible therefrom, it has been demonstrated that there is no triable issue as to any material fact and the cause of action has no merit. The pleadings govern the issues to be addressed. (City of Morgan Hill v. Brown (1999) 71 Cal.App.4th 1114 , 1121 [ 84 Cal.Rptr.2d 361 ].) A defendant moving for summary judgment bears the burden of persuasion that there is no triable issue. Meeting this burden is accomplished by producing evidence that demonstrates that a cause of action has no merit because one or more of its elements cannot be established to the degree of proof that would be required at trial, or that there is a complete defense to it. Once that has been accomplished, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show, by producing evidence of specific facts, that a triable issue of material fact exists as to the cause of action or the defense. (Aguilar v. Atlantic Richfield Co., supra, 25 Cal.4th at pp. 849-851, 854-855.)

C. Defendants’ Showing Was Adequate to Shift the Burden

With certain enumerated exceptions that do not apply in this case, “no suit for money or damages may be brought against a public entity on a cause of action for which a claim is required to be presented . . . until a written claim therefor has been presented to the public entity and has been acted upon by the board, or has been deemed to have been rejected by the board . . . .” (§ 945.4.) The filing of a claim is a condition precedent to the maintenance of any cause of action against the public entity and is therefore an element that a plaintiff is required to prove in order to prevail. (Wood v. Riverside General Hospital (1994) 25 Cal.App.4th 1113 , 1119-1120 [ 31 Cal.Rptr.2d 8 ]; Illerbrun v. Conrad (1963) 216 Cal.App.2d 521 , 524 [ 31 Cal.Rptr. 27 ].)

Del Real admits that City is a public entity. Further, she admits that her claims against Charrette are based upon his actions while in the course and scope of his employment as a City police officer. Therefore, in order to demonstrate that she could not prevail on any cause of action in her complaint, Defendants need only have demonstrated that she failed to file a claim as required by the Government Code. (See § 950.2 [cause of action against public employee acting in course and scope of employment is barred if action against employing entity is barred].) This they did.

“A claim relating to a cause of action for death or for injury to person or to personal property . . . shall be presented . . . not later than six months after the accrual of the cause of action.” (§ 911.2.) Del Real alleged that the

accident occurred on November 22, 1997. Therefore, she was required to present a claim to the City no later than May 22, 1998. Del Real did not seek to present a claim until August 7, 1998, well beyond the statutory time period. She did file an application, under section 911.4, seeking leave to present her late claim. However, that application was denied in accordance with sections 911.6 and 911.8. Del Real then had six months from City’s denial of her application to petition the trial court for an order relieving her from the bar of section 945.4. (§ 946.6, subd. (b).) She did not obtain such an order. Therefore, not having been relieved from the effects of section 945.4, she cannot demonstrate compliance with the claims filing requirements, a required element of each of her causes of action. Defendants presented sufficient evidence to shift the burden to Del Real to show the existence of a triable issue of material fact.

D. Del Real Failed to Demonstrate the Existence of a Triable Issue of Material Fact

Initially, Del Real’s opening brief contains no citations to the record whatsoever, nor does it, for the most part, include citations to the page cited when providing legal authorities. Counsel is admonished that case citations are to include the internal page reference where the applicable point is found. (See Cal. Style Manual (4th ed. 2000) § 1:1[E], pp. 5-6.) Further, the failure to provide citation to the record is a violation of California Rules of Court, rule 15(a). A violation of the rules of court may result in the striking of the offending document, the waiver of the arguments made therein, the imposition of fines and/or the dismissal of the appeal. (Bernard v. Hartford Fire Ins. Co. (1991) 226 Cal.App.3d 1203 , 1205 [ 277 Cal.Rptr. 401 ]; Schulz v. Wulfing (1967) 251 Cal.App.2d 776 , 778-780 [ 60 Cal.Rptr. 53 ]; Graybeal v. Press-Telegram Pub. Co. (1936) 14 Cal.App.2d 252 , 253-254 [ 57 P.2d 1343 ].) In addition, it is counsel’s duty to point out portions of the record that support the position taken on appeal. The appellate court is not required to search the record on its own seeking error. Again, any point raised that lacks citation may, in this court’s discretion, be deemed waived. (Guthrey v. State of California (1998) 63 Cal.App.4th 1108 , 1115 [ 75 Cal.Rptr.2d 27 ].)

In spite of the failures in the briefing, we will exercise our discretion to consider Del Real’s position, which is, essentially, that her March 10, 1998, letter (the letter) to Charrette constituted a claim, albeit an inadequate claim. Del Real thus rests her appeal on a variant of the doctrine of substantial compliance, and we must determine whether there is a triable issue of material fact that the letter was a “claim as presented.” If it was, then the provisions of sections 910.8 and 911 are implicated and the City’s

Similarly, it has not been demonstrated that the letter fulfilled the requirements of a “claim as presented.” Most importantly, it was not directed to the public entity but to Charrette personally. Section 915 requires that a claim be delivered to, mailed to, or actually received by the clerk, secretary, auditor or governing body of the public entity within the time allotted. There is no evidence in the record demonstrating that the letter was actually received by the city clerk, secretary, auditor or governing body within six months of the accident. Summary judgment has been affirmed on the basis of failure to comply with section 915 alone. (See, e.g., Life v. County of Los Angeles (1991) 227 Cal.App.3d 894 [ 278 Cal.Rptr. 196 ] and Jackson v. Board of Education (1967) 250 Cal.App.2d 856 [ 58 Cal.Rptr. 763 ].)

Next, the letter is not reasonably interpreted to communicate that Del Real was attempting to file a valid claim. As stated above, it bears essentially no resemblance whatsoever to a valid claim and certainly no resemblance at all to the proposed claim Del Real attempted to present on August 7, 1998. The fact that counsel later attempted to file an appropriate claim, without any mention of the letter, demonstrates that it was never intended to be a claim. Moreover, rather than imparting information to enable City to undertake an investigation, it seeks information to allow Del Real’s counsel to appraise the case. This fact also demonstrates why the letter cannot be reasonably interpreted to contemplate litigation should it not receive an adequate response. All that can be discerned from its language is that counsel was evaluating the matter. Nothing is requested other than information. It cannot be inferred that any claim for damages is being or even will be made. In short, the letter does not constitute a “claim as presented.” As such, summary judgment was properly granted.

Del Real argues that even if the letter was not actually received by the appropriate person or body, it should have been. She cites Jamison v. State of California (1973) 31 Cal.App.3d 513 [ 107 Cal.Rptr. 496 ] for the proposition that Charrette was under a duty to transmit the letter to the proper person or agency. In the first place, this argument presumes that the letter was identifiable as a claim that needed to be forwarded, a questionable proposition for reasons we have already pointed out. (See also Tapia v. County of San Bernardino (1994) 29 Cal.App.4th 375 , 386 [ 34 Cal.Rptr.2d 431 ] [Jamison distinguished on ground that there, claim was in proper form].) Second, we have reconsidered our earlier decision in Jamison and, as did the court in Life v. County of Los Angeles, supra, 227 Cal.App.3d at pages 900-901, we find that it is at odds with section 915, subdivision (c). We therefore decline to follow it.

Del Real also claims that reversal is supported by Foster v. McFadden (1973) 30 Cal.App.3d 943 [ 106 Cal.Rptr. 685 ]. That case is distinguishable.