Groetzinger v. Forest Hills Terrace Corp.

In my opinion the complaint on its face is not open to the objection that the plaintiff, an individual asserting a claim for damages for breach of contract, has not legal capacity to sue thereon. However, in the complaint, which is drawn with skill and ingenuity, and apparently to meet a situation, the pleader attempts, in so many words, to allege a cause of action for damages for breach of a contract by which, in the last analysis, the defendant, in the city of New York, employed plaintiff (and before him his predecessor in the contract) exclusively for a limited time, as a broker to procure a loan upon defendant's real estate —■ that is what is really claimed by the plaintiff. Such an employment may now be legally entered upon only by a broker who has procured the license prescribed by the statute (Real Prop. Law, § 440a, added by Laws of 1922, chap. 672); and such a broker cannot bring or maintain an action “ for the recovery of compensation for services rendered * * * in * * * negotiating a loan upon any real estate without alleging and proving that such person was a duly licensed real estate broker or real estate salesman on the date when the alleged cause of action arose.” Id. § 442(e). No such license is alleged. Violation of these statutory provisions is declared to be a misdemeanor. Id. § 442(f). While the complaint may be said not to seek strictly a “ recovery of compensation for services rendered,” I think the cause of action attempted to be set out comes fairly within the purview of the statute. Defendant claims that the statutory provisions referred to violate the fundamental law. Careful study, however, has led me to the conclusion that they are constitutional. This is clear from the trend of impressive authority on the subject of legislative regulation of occupations, including that of relator, under the police power. Examine inter alia, Hall v. Geiger-Jones Co., 242 U. S. 539 ; Merrick v. Halsey & Co., Id. 568 ; German Alliance Ins. Co. v. Lewis, 233 id. 389; Engel v. O’Malley, 219 id. 128; Braun v. City of Chicago, 110 Ill. 186 ; Johnson v. Hulings, 103 Penn. St. 74 ; Little Rock v. Barton, 33 Ark. 436 ; Banta v. City of Chicago, 172 Ill. 204 ; Riley v. Chambers, 181 Cal. 589 . In a number of the states of the Union the law-making bodies have the conception that the business in which the plaintiff engaged requires governmental regulation; this conception from the authorities seems to be quite general; therefore, the conception is not accidental and cannot exist without cause. German Alliance Ins. Co. v. Lewis, supra. In the case just cited it is held that certain previous judicial rulings demonstrate that a business by circumstances and its nature may arise from private to public concern and consequently become subject to governmental regulation. German

The complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action in that it does not set forth that plaintiff was licensed as a real estate broker or salesman under the statute. The motion to dismiss on that ground only is granted, with costs and ten dollars costs of the motion. Settle order on notice.

Ordered accordingly; judgment accordingly.