Martinelli v. City Clerk — 29 N.Y.2d 274

Majority

p. 274

In the Matter of Ralph Martinelli, Doing Business as Home News and Times, Appellant, v. City Clerk of the City of Yonkers et al., Respondents, and Y R Corporation, Doing Business as The Record of Yonkers, Intervenor-Respondent.

Argued October 20, 1971;

decided November 18, 1971.

Morton N. Wekstein for appellant.

I. The designation of two official newspapers purported to have been performed on January 2, 1970 was wholly void as to both the Herald-Statesman and The Yonkers Record, and the Herald-Statesman and the Home News and Times continue until December 31, 1971, as the official newspapers by virtue of their designation on

p. 275

January 2, 1968. (People ex rel. Argus Co. v. Bresler, 70 App. Div. 294 , 171 N. Y. 302 ; Matter of Heafy v. McCabe, 247 App. Div. 277 , 270 N. Y. 616 ; Lawrence Constr. Corp. v. State of New York, 293 N. Y. 634 ; People v. Jelke, 284 App. Div. 211 , 308 N. Y. 56 ; Saltzer & Weinsier v. McGoldrick, 295 N. Y. 499 ; Kaufman v. City of Glen Cove, 180 Misc. 349 , 266 App. Div. 870 ; Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Auth. v. Crystal & Son, 2 A D 2d 37 , 2 N Y 2d 961 ; Matter of City of New York [Juno Woodworking Co.], 275 App. Div. 948 , 300 N. Y. 600 ; Matter of City of Rochester v. Public Serv. Comm., 192 Misc. 33 , 275 App. Div. 172 , 301 N. Y. 80 ; Gillespie v. Zittlosen, 60 N. Y. 449 .) II. The affirmative defenses in-the answer of respondents and in the answer of intervenor-respondent are insufficient in law. (Sweeney v. State of New York, 251 N. Y. 417 ; Black Riv. Regulating Dist. v. Adirondack League Club, 307 N. Y. 475 ; Noyes v. Erie & Wyoming Farmers Co-op. Corp., 281 N. Y. 187 ; Matter of Buffalo Lib. v. Wanamaker, 162 Misc. 26 ; Matter of Belclarie Holding Corp. v. Klinger, 28 A D 2d 689 ; Matter of Moses v. Board of Educ. of City of N. Y., 59 Misc 2d 318 ; Pollitz v. Wabash R. R. Co., 207 N. Y. 113 ; Greenfield v. Denner, 6 A D 2d 263 , 6 N Y 2d 867 ; Bata v. Bata, 279 App. Div. 182 , 306 N. Y. 96 ; Moore v. United States Cremation Co., 158 Misc. 621 , 249 App. Div. 637 , 275 N. Y. 105 .)

Maurice F. Curran, Corporation Counsel (Eugene J. Fox of counsel), for respondents.

I. The official newspapers of the City of Yonkers were properly designated by the City Council of the City of Yonkers on January 2, 1970. (Matter of General Reinsurance Corp. v. Pink, 269 N. Y. 347 ; Matter of Moore v. Board of Educ., Union Free School Dist. No. 1 of Town & City of Canandaigua, 190 Misc. 1036 , 274 App. Div. 403 , 299 N. Y. 666 ; Matter of Grenfell [Lawyer], 269 App. Div. 600 .) II. The Herald-Statesman continues as an official newspaper of the City of Yonkers by virtue of its designation in 1968 and The Yonkers Record was validly designated as a successor official newspaper to the Home News on January 2, 1970.

No appearance for intervenor-respondent.

The issue is one of statutory construction and it arises from the disputed designation of two official newspapers by the Common Council of the City of Yonkers at its 1970

p. 276

organizational meeting. Involved were three newspapers: petitioner’s Home News and Times, intervenor’s The Record of Yonkers, both of which were Democratic weeklies, and the Herald-Statesman, which was Republican and the city’s only daily.

The governing statute is section 43 of the Second Class Cities Law which, in pertinent part, provides that “ [a]t the first meeting of the common council for the purpose of organization, as provided herein, it shall designate not more than two newspapers published in the city to be the official paper or papers of the city” and, further, that “ [ujnless the common council shall * * * determine to designate but one official paper, it shall designate two official papers, of opposite political faith, and of which at least one shall be a daily newspaper, and each member shall be entitled to vote for but one paper, and the two papers having the highest number of votes shall be the official papers for two years and until a successor or successors shall be designated.”

Apparently because the Herald-Statesman was the only daily, the mayor sought an opinion as to voting procedure and the corporation counsel advised the Council as follows: “it is not necessary for the Council to formally vote for the Herald-Statesman, as it is an official newspaper by virtue of the Second Class Cities Law. However, in order to designate a second newspaper, a formal vote would have to be taken by the Council, with each Councilman allowed but one choice. ’ ’ The Council minutes, after referring to ‘‘ this ruling ’ ’, state that a ‘ ‘ vote was taken for the second newspaper”, all 13 members^[1] voting and the vote being recorded as for The Record of Yonkers, seven votes, and for the Home News and Times, six votes, and the minutes conclude with the statement that the mayor thereupon “ announced the Official Newspapers * * * as designated by the City Council, to be: The Herald-Statesman — and The Yonkers Record".

From this, it is evident that (1) the Republican daily, receiving no votes at all, was not one of “ the two papers having the highest number of votes ”, as required by section 43; unless (2) it be

* We are told that the membership consisted of nine Democrats and four Republicans.

p. 277

inferable from the minutes quoted that the intent was to east a sufficient number of votes to designate the Republican daily, in which case it is obvious that the votes necessary to give the Herald-Statesman the highest or next highest number of votes were cast a second time, for one or the other of the two weeklies. Thus, the roll call showed that all 13 councilmen voted for the two weeklies; the second votes thus cast being, as appellant contends, in violation of the provision of section 43 that “ each member shall be entitled to vote for but one paper ’ ’. The actual vote for the weeklies being seven to six, it is evident that the nine Democrats split and that the four Republicans may have furnished the votes necessary to select one Democratic paper as against the other.

It is clear that, in order to effect the Herald-Statesman’s appointment, the appointing authority, the Council, was obliged to take some affirmative action to that end, so as to accomplish at least substantial compliance with the statutory requirements that it “ shall designate ” two papers and that the two having the highest number of votes ‘ ‘ shall be ’ ’ the designees. It is not enough to infer tacit approval of the corporation counsel’s opinion, and of the mayor’s announcement. Neither can it be considered that the designation of the Herald-Statesman involved a purely ministerial act; because in every case some element of voting discretion is involved, if only to determine—inasmuch as the statute prescribes no other test—whether a particular newspaper is, in fact, what it professes to be, in this case a Republican daily. Recognizing, then, that at least one vote had to be cast for the Herald-Statesman and assuming that one vote would have been sufficient to designate (upon eliminating the third contender—the Democratic weekly having the second lowest number of votes), it would follow that that one vote could not be cast a second time, and, of course, appellant lost by one vote.

At the Appellate Division, it was said that “ by the actions taken by the Council, the legislative goal of political diversity was achieved while the requirement that one of the two papers be a daily was also met ” ( 36 A D 2d 242 , 245). This conclusion, however, seems to overlook a third factor, implicit in the statute, and that is, the intent that the designation of a paper claiming adherence to a particular party be determined by the councilmen

p. 278

who are members of that party. In this case, Republican votes may well have constituted the margin whereby one Democratic paper was preferred above the other.

In sum, we find in the statute no ambiguity such as to require judicial construction or to warrant the departure taken by the courts below from its explicit terms. In doubtful cases, often the better course is to require literal compliance with a statute of this nature, even at the cost of an occasional stalemate, which, after all, was contemplated by the holdover provision contained in section 43 and would not be catastrophic in any event. In this case, the designation in dispute did not involve a minority but was to be made by the majority, which, however, chose to split; but it is helpful, nevertheless, to consider the sound dictum in People ex rel. Argus Co. v. Bresler ( 171 N. Y. 302 , 308), an old but nonetheless respectable authority, which appraised the statute in this fashion: “ It is the expression of a legislative intent to provide for the selection of an official newspaper by a minority of the common council and, for the effectuation of such a purpose, each alderman was permitted to vote for only one paper.”

The order of the Appellate Division should be reversed, with costs, and the matter remitted to Special Term for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.

Chief Judge Fuld and Judges Burke, Scileppi, Bergan, Breitel and Jasen concur.

Order reversed, with costs against the respondents and the matter remitted to Special Term for further proceedings in accordance with the opinion herein.

Cases cited

People ex rel. Argus Co. v. Bresler 70 App. Div. 294 N.Y. App. Div. 1902-03-21 p. 275
People ex rel. Argus Co. v. Bresler 171 N. Y. 302 N.Y. 1902-05-20 at 308 p. 275, p. 278
Heafy v. McCabe 270 N. Y. 616 N.Y. 1936-03-17 p. 275
Lawrence Construction Corp. v. State 293 N. Y. 634 N.Y. 1944-12-30 p. 275
People v. Jelke 308 N. Y. 56 N.Y. 1954-12-31 p. 275
Saltser & Weinsier, Inc. v. McGoldrick 295 N. Y. 499 N.Y. 1946-07-23 p. 275
Kaufman v. City of Glen Cove 180 Misc. 349 N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1943-01-13 p. 275
Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Authority v. B. Crystal & Son 2 A D 2d 37 N.Y. App. Div. 1956-06-26 p. 275
Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Authority v. Crystal 2 N Y 2d 961 N.Y. 1957-04-04 p. 275
In re the City of New York 300 N. Y. 600 N.Y. 1949-12-29 p. 275
City of Rochester v. Public Service Commission 192 Misc. 33 N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1948-06-12 at 275 p. 275
Gillespie v. Zittlosen 60 N. Y. 449 N.Y. 1875-04-20 p. 275
Sweeney v. State 251 N. Y. 417 N.Y. 1929-07-11 p. 275
Black River Regulating District v. Adirondack League Club 307 N. Y. 475 N.Y. 1954-07-14 p. 275
Noyes v. Erie & Wyoming Farmers Co-operative Corp. 281 N. Y. 187 N.Y. 1939-07-11 p. 275
Buffalo Library v. Wanamaker 162 Misc. 26 N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1937-02-20 p. 275
Moses v. Board of Education 59 Misc 2d 318 N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1969-03-14 p. 275
Pollitz v. Wabash Railroad 207 N. Y. 113 N.Y. 1912-12-31 p. 275
Greenfield v. Denner 6 A D 2d 263 N.Y. App. Div. 1958-07-01 p. 275
Greenfield v. Denner 6 N Y 2d 867 N.Y. 1959-05-29 p. 275
Bata v. Bata 306 N. Y. 96 N.Y. 1953-10-23 p. 275
Moore v. United States Cremation Co. 158 Misc. 621 N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1936-03-11 p. 275
Moore v. United States Cremation Co. 275 N. Y. 105 N.Y. 1937-07-13 p. 275
General Reinsurance Corp. v. Pink 269 N. Y. 347 N.Y. 1936-01-07 p. 275
Moore v. Board of Education 190 Misc. 1036 N.Y. Sup. Ct. 1947-11-22 p. 275
Moore ex rel. New York State Employees' Retirement System v. Board of Education 299 N. Y. 666 N.Y. 1949-05-26 p. 275
Martinelli v. City Clerk of Yonkers 36 A D 2d 242 N.Y. App. Div. 1971-04-12 at 245 p. 277