People v. Koch — 12 N.Y. Crim. 250

Majority

p. 250

Supreme Court-Appellate term.

March, 1897.

PEOPLE v. HENRY KOCH.

Headnote

1. Dairy law—Impure milk.

A milkman, going his daily rounds to retail customers to supply them ' with impure milk, will he deemed to be offering and exposing milk for sale.

2. Same

Where the evidence shows that he is delivering milk to regular customers, the presumption is that such delivery is under a contract of sale.

p. 251

3. Same.

In such case, it is not necessary to show actual delivery to a customer.

4. Same.

The fact that he subsequently returned a particular can of milk to the party from whom he bought it, does not bear upon the question of sale, in the absence of any proof that he intended to have it examined before delivery.

5. Same.

If such was his purpose, he cannot be convicted of offering the milk for sale.

Appeal from judgment in action to recover a penalty under the the “ Agricultural Law, ” chapter 388, Laws of 1893.

Benjamin Estes, for appellant.

Frank Morse, for respondent.

The defendant is a wholesale milk dealer, buying and selling milk, and has no place of business, but takes the milk, which he buys, from the railroad depot in cans, in his wagon and delivers it to his regular customers in the city. It was while he was thus delivering twenty-three cans of milk, in the early morning of August 18,1896, that he was stopped by an inspector and a sample of milk was taken from one of his cans. This sample was analyzed by a competent chemist and found to be impure. Being sued for the penalty imposed by statute upon one who “ offers or exposes for sale "impure milk, the defendant contents that he was not committing the offense charged because he did not deliver to any customer the can from which the sample was taken, but returned it to the dealer at the depot from "whom he bought it, and was credited with the price.

If the defendant’s contention be well founded, then, whenever a dealer who has placed impure milk on sale is" detected and withdraws it, before any of it is actually disposed of, he cannot be convicted. The evidence showed that the defendant was delivering milk to regular customers, and the presumption is that such delivery was under a contract of sale ; if he had not been stopped the can in question would have been delivered and the sale of it completed. He was taking it to his customer, and offering it to him, and each step in his journey from the depot to the customer

p. 252

was in the course of so offering it. It was not necessary to show actual delivery to a customer, since he admitted that he was in the act of delivering when he was stopped. The fact that he subsequently returned this particular can to the party from whom he bought it does not bear upon the question in dispute, because it is not shown that he intended to submit the milk in his wagon to any examination or test before delivery. Had it been his purpose to do so, then he could not be convicted of offering the milk for sale at the time he was stopped; it is because, had he not been stopped, the milk would have been delivered to his customer, that the offense against the law was complete, and his conviction should have followed. I think it could not be contended that a milkman, going his daily rounds to retail customers to supply them with impure milk, would not be deemed to be offering and exposing milk for sale; and the defendant’s case is no better. The justice should have held that an offense was committed, and he should have imposed the penalty fixed by law.

The judgment should be reversed, and a new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.

McADAM and BISCHOFF, JJ., concur.

Judgment reversed, new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event.