p. 124SUPREME COURT—APP. DIVISION—FIRST DEPARTMENT,THE PEOPLE v. MICHAEL McGUIRE.Headnote
(1) . Junk Dealebs—Penal Code 290.Section 290 of the Penal Code which makes it a misdemeanor for a junk dealer to purchase junk of a person under sixteen years of age is constitutional as a valid exercise of the police powers, and is designed to protect youth and not merely to prohibit' the purchase of stolen junk.
While the purchase of junk from such a minor acting as agent of the lawful owner, is not within the statute, it is not incumbent upon the prosecution to show that the minor was not an agent, as there is no presumption of agency.
Appeal by the defendant, Michael McGuire, from a judgment of the Court of Special Sessions of the city of Hew York in favor of the plaintiff, rendered on the 14th day of February, 1905, convicting the defendant of a violation of subdivision 6 of section 290 of the Penal Code, and also from orders respectively denying the defendant’s motions for a new trial and in arrest of judgment.
John W. Browne, for the appellant.
Robert C. Taylor, for the respondent.
The information charged and the evidence showed that the defendant was the proprietor of a junk shop at Hos. 100 and 102 Tenth avenue in the city of New York, and that on the 28th day of January, 1905, in said junk shop, he purchased and received two bags of rags of a boy twelve years of age and paid
p. 125four cents therefor. The provisions of section 290 of the Penal Code, so far as material, are as follows:
“ A person who * * * 6. *
* * Being the owner, keeper or proprietor of a junk shop, junk cart or other vehicle or boat or other vessel used for the collection of junk, or any collector of junk, receives or purchases any goods, chattels, wares or merchandise from any child under the age of sixteen years, is guilty of a misdemeanor.”
The appellant contends that his business was lawful, a license therefor being authorized by section 51 of the Greater New York chapter (Laws of 1901, chap. 466), and that the facts shown do not constitute a violation of the provisions of the Penal Code herein quoted. We are of the opinion that they do. The language employed by the Legislature plainly indicates an intent to prohibit such dealers from purchasing or receiving junk from a child under sixteen years of age. The contention of the appellant is that the object of the Legislature was to prohibit the purchase of stolen property and to prohibit the admission of children into places where their health might be injured or their morals corrupted. It is evident that one of the objects of the statute is the prevention of stealing by children and to prevent their employment or agency in disposing of stolen property; hut the Legislature, to effectuate those objects, deemed it necessary or advisable to prohibit junk dealers from purchasing such property from children under sixteen years of age.
It is further contended that if the statute was intended to prohibit purchases from children under sixteen years of age, regardless of whether the property had been stolen or the health or morals of the children would he injuriously affected by visiting the junk shop, it would he unconstitutional. We also regard this argument as untenable. The defendant was conducting a business which it was competent for the Legislature to provide should be licensed and regulated. Junk may readily be
p. 126obtained unlawfully by children and a junk shop is a convenient place for selling it. Those facts constitute a temptation to the moral detriment of children which it was competent for the Legislature to remove by requiring junk dealers to be licensed and by making it unlawful for them to buy of young children.
(People v.
Ewer, 141 N. Y. 129 ;
People v.
Pierson, 176 id. 201 ;
City of Grand Rapids v.
Braudy, 105 Mich. 670 ; 32 L. R. A. 116 , and cases cited in note;
People ex rel. Armstrong v.
Warden, etc., 183 N. Y. 223 . See, also,
People ex rel. Lieberman v.
Vandecarr, 81 App. Div. 128 ;
175 N. Y. 440 ;
199 U. S. 552 ). It may be that the statute should not receive a construction that would make it unlawful for a junk dealer to receive or purchase property from a child as the agent of the lawful owner
(People v. Zabor, 183 N. Y. 242 , 18 N. Y.
Crim. Rep. v.
Zabor) ; but that question is not here for there is no presumption that the boy was the duly authorized agent of another who had a lawful right to sell the junk, and it was not incumbent upon the people to show that he was not.
It follows that the conviction should be affirmed.
O’Brien, P. J., Patterson, Ingraham and Clarke, JJ-, concurred.
Judgment affirmed. Order filed.