People v. Fitzgerald

Section 480 of the Penal Law, for the violation of which he was convicted, reads:

“ A parent or other person charged with the care or custody for nurture or education of a child under the Age of sixteen years, who abandons the child in destitute circumstances and wilfully omits to furnish necessary and proper food, clothing or shelter for such child is guilty of felony, punishable by imprisonment for not more than two years, or by a fine not to exceed one thousand dollars, or by both. In case a fine is imposed the same may be applied in the discretion of the court to the support of such child. Proof of the abandonment of such child in destitute circumstances and omission to furnish necessary and proper food, clothing or shelter is prima facie evidence that such omission is wilful. The provisions of section twenty-four hundred and forty-five prohibiting the disclosure of confidential communications between husband and wife shall not apply to prosecutions for the offense here defined. A previous conviction of felony or misdemeanor shall not prevent the court from suspending sentence upon a conviction under this section, or from arbitrarily fixing the limit of imprisonment or fine, in case imprisonment or fine is imposed upon conviction herein.

“ Nothing in this section shall be deemed or construed to repeal, amend, impair or in any manner affect the provisions of sections four hundred and eighty-one, four hundred and eighty-

two and four hundred and eighty-three of this chapter or any other existing provisions of law relationg to abandonment or other acts of cruelty to children.”

The child is illegitimate and the defendant, by an order of filiation in a special proceeding of a criminal nature, was adjudged to be its putative father. The mother, after the birth of the child, married a person other than the defendant. The mother gave the only evidence presented by the People. She testified that the child was born as the result of her illicit intercourse with the defendant. She had the custody of the child ever since its birth; the defendant had no control over it. She and the defendant had not lived together as husband and wife.

The defendant did not testify, but the defense called several witnesses who testified to the bad reputation of the complaining witness and to her undue familiarity with men.

The People submitted evidence to prove that the complaining witness had the defendant arrested in a proceeding respecting a bastard, and that the cause had come to trial. The court received in evidence a “ judgment of this court entitled the People of the State of New York, plaintiff respondent, against Edward Fitzgerald, in substance finding this defendant to be the father of this child and ordering him to pay three dollars a week for its support and maintenance.” The document was marked an exhibit, but it is not returned in the record. The defendant was in jail for six months, we presume for failure to give an undertaking. (Code Crim. Proc. pt. Q, tit. 5.) Since the birth of the child the defendant did not contribute one dollar towards its support. In the view of the disposition we make of this appeal, we are not required to discuss the propriety of receiving some of the People’s evidence.

The defendant contends that the section under consideration was intended to meet the case of a parent who abandoned his legitimate offspring in destitute circumstances and willfully

We think the word “ parent ” as used in the law in question, cannot be held to apply to the defendant. It will be noted that the act does not read “ a parent or a person charged with the care or custody; ” it reads “ a parent or other person charged with the care or custody.” So a parent, to be held, must be a person charged with care and custody. The putative father is not charged with the care and custody of an illegitimate child by the mere fact of putative paternity. In the case at bar it is clear that the defendant had neither the care nor custody of the child.

Under the common law a putative father stands in no relation to an illegitimate child, nor can be claim any of the rights of a father.

The term “ parent and child ” is used to indicate the relation existing between husband and wife, or either of them, on the one hand, and their legitimate offspring on the other (29 Cyc. 1583.)

“ All other children have their primary settlement in their father’s parish; but a bastard in the parish where born, for he hath no father.” (1 Cooley Black. 459.)

In Matter of Gibson ( 154 Mass. 378 ) it was held that a notice required by statute to be given to the parents of the child in proceedings for adoption does not mean a notice to the father of an illegitimate child. In that case notice had been given to the guardian. The court said: “ It follows that the written assent of Gardner as guardian was a sufficient consent to the petition for adoption, unless the child had a living parent in the sense of that word as used in the Gen. Sts. c. 110, §§ 1—10, then in force. We think that the word cparent’ as

In People v. Landt ( 2 Johns. 375 ) it was held that the mother of an illegitimate child is entitled to its custody, but if it appear that the child is abused the court will interfere in the child’s behalf and direct that it be placed elsewhere.

Chancellor Kent (2 Kent Com. [14th ed.] 215) says: “ The putative father has no legal right to the custody of a bastard child, in opposition to the claim of the mother; * * * She has a right to the custody and control of it as against the putative father, and is bound to maintain it as its natural guardian.”

Horner v. Liddiard (1 Hagg. Cons. 337) was a case of nullity of marrigae, brought by the husband against the wife by reason of the minority of the wife, who was illegitimate, and the want of consent as required by the Marriage Act (26 Geo. II, chap. 33, § 11), which provides that marriages of persons under the age of twenty-one, not widows or widowers, which shall be had without the consent of the father of the parties, or, in certain named contingencies, of the guardian or of the mother, shall be null and void. It was held that the consent of parents was not applicable to the marriage of illegitimate children.

' The case of Firmeis v. State ( 61 Wis. 140 , 142) involved the construction of a statute substantially similar to ours, and containing a provision identical in purport with the clause contained in ours, permitting a wife to disclose confidential communications. That statute reads : “ If any father shall wilfully

In People v. Lewis ( 132 App. Div. 256 , 258, 23 N. Y. Crim. 413 ) it is held that the law applies only to a case where there is both abandonment in destitute circumstances and failure to provide. To make the act of abandonment possible, there must be either custody or control. Having been made distinguishable from a mere failure to provide, abandonment can, therefore, mean only one thing, namely, the physical act of leaving, with the intention not to return, that of which one has custody. (See People v. Dunston, 173 Mich. 368 ; Gay v. State, 105 Ga. 559 .) The evidence shows that the defendant did not have the custody of the child, and the cases indicate that he did not have control. The defendant is not within the classification of the statute. He did not commit the essential criminal act of abandonment. The judgment of conviction was erroneous, and must be reversed.

The judgment of conviction of the County Court of Westchester county should be reversed, and the defendant discharged.

Jenks, P. J., Burr, Thomas and Rich, JJ., concurred.

Judgment of conviction of the County Court of Westchester county reversed, and defendant discharged.