In re Williams' Estate

This is an application under section 2727 of the Code of Civil Procedure, by a daughter of the deceased, for an order compelling the administrator to render and settle his account in this estate. The answer to the petition admits that Milton H. Williams was appointed administrator March 7, 1891, and has not since accounted. It then alleges that- the petitioner was fully paid more than li years ago and that the statute of limitations is a bar to a compulsory accounting. An allegation of payment amounts to a denial of interest. This is not fatal to the application, as a mere appearance of interest in the estate of decedent is ordinarily sufficient to sustain an application to compel a judicial settlement, even though that interest is denied. Matter of Kipp (Surr.) 41 N. Y. Supp. 259 .

The remaining question is, has the right to a compulsory accounting been lost to the petitioner by the bar of any statute of limitations? Over 16 years have elapsed since the administrator was appointed, and

On this application the question is presented whether an administrator is a trustee within the meaning of this rule. In Matter of Camp, 126 N. Y. 377 , 27 N. E. 799 , the court held that an infant, 16 years after he had attained his majority, was entitled to an accounting from his general guardian, regardless of any statute of limitations, because the general guardian occupied the position of a trustee so far as to prevent the running of any statute of limitations in his favor regarding the property intrusted to him. So long as the property remained in his hands unaccounted for, he must continue liable to account. In Matter of Ashheim, 111 App. Div. 176 , 97 N. Y. Supp. 607 , affirmed 185 N. Y. 609 , 78 N. E. 1099 , the following question was certified to the Court of Appeals for an answer, to wit:

“Is an executor who has duly qualified and received assets of his testator’s estate, for which he has never accounted, as far a trustee as to bring him within the rule that the statute of limitations does not commence to run in favor of a trustee, against one otherwise entitled to account, until such trustee has repudiated his trust?”

An affirmative answer was given.

In Matter of Meyer, 98 App. Div. 7 , 90 N. Y. Supp. 185 , affirmed 181 N. Y. 553 , 74 N. E. 1120 , the following question was certified to the Court of Appeals, and answered in the negative:

“In the absence of any act of an executor repudiating his liability as trustee, is the lapse of 13 years and 9 months from the time of the issue of letters testamentary a bar to a proceeding to compel the executor to account?”

The questions thus answered by the Court of Appeals in Matter of Meyer, supra, and Matter of Ashheim, supra, were asked regarding executors of wills, to whom the will gave no trust powers. They were not by the will made trustees of an express trust. They were plain executors. In view of these decisions the question naturally arises whether there is any distinction between an executor as such and an administrator.

Both executors and administrators are trustees with special functions, differing from other trustees in that their office looks to the winding up of an estate and speedy termination of the trust, and differing from one another only in so far as the course of the administration is affected by the provisions of the will and the personal confidence presumed to be reposed in the executor by the testator. 7 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law (1st Ed.) 171, note 2. There seems to exist no distinction between general guardians, executors, and administrators,

The answer to the petition pleads the mere lapse of time as a complete answer to the application. It may be that, on a hearing, the administrator would be able to show that he repudiated his trust and took a position hostile to the claim of the petitioner sufficiently long ago to make the statute of limitations available, all of which facts may be made clearly to appear when the account is presented and filed, pursuant to the order, or any proceedings subsequently had thereon.. When some right is sought to be enforced, based upon the accounting, the question of the statute of limitations may then be fully determined, and more satisfactorily than upon this application, based upon very meager facts. Persons should not be permitted in a fiduciary capacity to obtain possession of property and acquire title thereto because of the failure of those interested to require an accounting within a specified time, unless there be no avenue of escape from such an inequitable result.

The administrator in his answer has not shown a state of facts which, if proved, would establish the statute of limitations as a bar. I’ therefore hold that a case has been made requiring an accounting, and an order may be prepared and entered accordingly, with $10 costs and disbursements payable out of thé estate to the petitioner.

Application granted, with $10 costs and disbursements.