In re Sanford's Estate

voluminous, the hearing occupying many days, all the parties interested in the estate entered into a stipulation giving the petitioner, Douglas, a certain portion of the estate-as her full share, and fixing the compensation of the various attorneys who had appeared for the respective parties as follows: To Harry E. Lewis, attorney for petitioner, $1,-100; G. W. Cole, who appeared for certain of the heirs, $106; I. N. White, appearing for other heirs, $200; T. H. Dowd, who appeared for the administrators, for services and expenses, $1,800; stenographer’s fees and expenses, $75. It was also agreed, as one of the ■conditions of the settlement, that the fees of the various witnesses who had attended upon the hearing be paid from the estate; the total amount so stipulated and provided for as the expenses and disbursements of the contest being the sum of $3,732.50.

After the determination of this controversy, an equity action was begun against the administrators and all the heirs at law and next of kin of the decedent' by one Frank A. Raymond, alleging that prior to the decedent’s death he had entered into a contract with him to the effect that he (Raymond) should support and maintain the decedent and liis mother during their respective lives and pay their funeral expenses and, as compensation therefor, should have all the estate, real and personal, of which decedent died possessed; and further alleging that he had fully performed such contract on his part, and demanding judgment that his rights be accordingly established, and that the administrators be required to deliver to him the personal estate and the heirs directed to convey to him the real estate of which the decedent died possessed. Answers were interposed in this action on behalf of the administrators and on behalf of the various heirs at' law. The section was duly referred and tried before a referee, who reported in favor ■of the defendants. From the judgment entered upon such report, the plaintiff appealed to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court, where the judgment was affirmed. The estimated costs and expenses of this litigation over and above the amount recovered from the defendants was $2,500. It js now claimed on behalf of the Comptroller that no portion of the expense of the Douglas litigation should have been deducted before assessing the tax, and that the $2,500—estimated expenses of the Raymond litigation—is excessive, and that no greater amount than $1,500 should have been deducted therefor.

Considering the claim of the appellant that the item of $3,732.50— expenses of the Douglas contest—should not have been deducted before determining the tax, the statute (Tax Law [Consol. Laws, c. 60] § 220) provides as follows:

“A tax shall be and is hereby imposed upon the transfer of any property, real or personal, of the value of five hundred dollars or over, or of any interest therein or income therefrom, in trust or otherwise, to persons or corporations not exempt by law from taxation on real or personal property, in the following cases: (1) When the transfer is by will or by the intestate laws of this state from any person died seised or possessed of the property while a resident of the state.”

Upon the death of the decedent, intestate, his estate passed, by operation of law, to his heirs and next of kin, subject, however, to the

payment of his legal debts, reasonable funeral charges, and legitimate expenses of administration. Such charges diminish the actual value of the estate passing to those entitled. Aside from such deductions, the right of the state to collect the tax in accordance with the statutory rates and provisions attaches to the total value of the estate; the rights of the state and of the distributees become fixed and established at the same instant and immediately upon the death of the intestate. If a controversy subsequently arises as to the relative rights of distributees, involving expense and litigation, the rights of the state cannot be prejudiced or impaired thereby. It is still entitled to the tax upon the full amount passing originally under the intestate laws. While such a controversy may diminish the individual distributive shares, the misfortune is that of the individual, and in that regard is the same as any other necessary expenditure in protecting one’s property rights. Any other rule would permit litigating elements to consume an entire estate with costs and disbursements, entirely defeating the claim of the state. This item should not have been deducted before assessing the tax, this conclusion being entirely in harmony with the result reached in Matter of Westurn, 152 N. Y. 93 -102, 46 N. E. 315 ; nor is such conclusion in conflict with the decision in Matter of Gihon, 169 N. Y. 443 , 62 N. E. 561 . In the case last cited a temporary administration became necessary for the conservation of the corpus of the estate pending contested probate. The reasonable expense of a necessary temporary administration is as much a legal charge upon the estate from the time of its devolution as is the payment of debts or other ordinary expenses of administration. The claim of the appellant regarding the deduction of the $2,500 item—estimated expense of the Raymond litigation—■ presents an entirely different aspect. In that case the plaintiff claimed1 to have become entitled to the entire estate by virtue of a contract between himself and the decedent; in other words, that decedent left no estate passing by virtue of the intestate laws of the state. If Raymond’s claim had prevailed, no estate would have remained. Consequently, the defense of this litigation was absolutely necessary t'o establish the fact that there was any estate whatever—a situation entirely different from a controversy between distributees solely regarding their respective interests. It may be stated, as a general rule, that expenses of litigation in conserving and preserving the corpus of the estate are proper deductions before assessment of the tax; but the expense of litigation between distributees over their respective interests, which does not in any manner affect the size or the amount of the estate originally passing, should not be so deducted. In view of the character of the Raymond litigation, the time consumed in the trial of the case, and the somewhat protracted nature of the controversy, it would not seem that the estimate of $2,500 for legal expenses was in any sense excessive. This deduction was a proper and legitimate one.

A decree will be accordingly entered, modifying the former assessment of the tax under the transfer act by providing that the further sum of $13,732.50 is liable to tax at the rate of 5 per cent.

Decreed accordingly.