Desmond v. Foundation Co.

reasonably safe appliances. According to the plaintiff’s proofs, it had been the custom on this work to use a double set of hooks, one of which was connected with either end of the timber form when it was to be hoisted or lowered. When the time came to lower the timber form in question, at the time of the accident, defendant’s, foreman, one Snyder ordered one of the riggers, one O’Neil, to go to the rigging house and procure the necessary hooks. O’Neil went to the rigging house, and failed to find a set of hooks suitable for use. He returned and notified Snyder, who thereupon directed him to go back and get “something” for the purpose. O’Neil returned with a single iron hook, which Snyder directed to be inserted in the tackle and used in place of a set of hooks. O’Neil swears that he protested against the use of a single hook unless it was “moused” on the ground that, when a slack came in the fall of the hoisting tackle, the hook was likely to become uncoupled, and fall. He further testifies that Snyder paid no attention to the protest, but directed the immediate use of the appliances as they were, and without any “mousing” oí the hook in question. The process of mousing consisted of looping together one point of the hook and its shank with wire or stout string, to close the opening between the hook end and the hook shank, thus preventing any accidental uncoupling when the strain on the tackle was loosened. O’Neil testified that the mousing of the hook was but a matter of a few minutes labor, and that there was ample material available in the rigging house for that purpose, and that mousing would prevent necessarily any accidental uncoupling.

The hook in question proved suitable for the use to which it was put. As a hook it was in no way defective, except as to liability of uncoupling, and this defect could have been absolutely overcome by its being moused. The sole question of law involved is whether the act of Snyder, the defendant’s foreman, in directing its use without mousing, is imputable to the master. This action was brought at common law, and is to be determined accordingly, without reference to the employer’s liability act of 1900.

The appellant contends that the case at bar falls clearly within the ruling in Vogel v. American Bridge Co., 180 N. Y. 373 , 73 N. E. 1 , 70 L. R. A. 725 , while the respondent asserts that it is governed by Pluckham v. American Bridge Co., 104 App. Div. 404 , 93 N. Y. Supp. 748 , s. c. 186 N. Y. 561 , 79 N. E. 1114 . In the Vogel Case, ut supra, it was held that when a master had furnished sufficient suitable rope for the use of its employes, and its foreman had directed some of its laborers to use a piece of rope concededly unfit and dangerous, the act of the foreman was but a detail in the carrying on of the work, and could not be so imputed to the master as to impose liability. In the Pluckham Case, ut supra, the master was held chargeable with negligence under the following circumstances: In doing some of its work it was necessary to use some rope, and some was furnished by the master for the required purpose. The workmen thought this rope not strong enough for the strain, and so stated to the foreman. He sent a laborer to get another piece of rope, who returned, stating that he could find none, whereupon the foreman directed the men to go on with the

use of such rope as they had, and on their compliance with this direction the rope broke, and the accident happened. It was there held that the act of the foreman in directing the men to proceed was but a contributing cause to the accident, and that the proximate cause thereof was the failure of the master to furnish reasonably safe appliances. There is no conflict in the rules announced in either of these authorities, each applying to its own state of facts. The respondent argues that the facts of the case at bar require an application of the rule declared in the Pluckham Case, on the theory that the defendant was negligent in not having available for use at the,time of the accident a set of double hooks, such as it had been using generally during the progress of the work. There was a controversy at the time as to whether double hooks or single hooks had been used generally during the work. In any event, the hook actually used- at the time of the accident was defective or unsafe, if at all, only in relation to a possible uncoupling. The master, however, had supplied a sufficiency of material to make it safe, which was not at all so in the Pluckham Case. Whatever unsafety there was about this hook arose from an omission to mouse it with the materials available in the rigging house. This mousing was a detail in the work of hoisting and lowering the timber forms, and we think the case at bar falls within the rule applied in the Vogel Case, ut supra.

The judgment and order should be reversed and a new trial granted, costs to abide the event. All concur.