Majority
Headnote
Perpetuities (§ 6[1] )—Suspension oe Power of Alienation.This appeal is from an order granting plaintiff’s motion for judgment on the pleadings. The action is to partition certain real estate. All of the defendants defaulted in pleading except the appellant, who interposed an answer in which she admitted all of the allegations of the complaint and set up as an affirmative defense that all of the owners of the real estate in question had, prior to the commencement of the action, agreed, each with the other, in consideration of mutual covenants, that they,'or either of them, would not at any time bring or prosecute an action in equity for the partition of such real estate in any court without the consent of all the parties to the agreement, but would hold and continue to hold the property as tenants in common until such time as a private sale thereof could be made without loss upon the original investment, or at such lesser figure as should be agreed to. The learndd justice sitting at Special Term held that the agreement did not constitute a defense, for the reason, as appears from his opinion,-if such effect be given to it/ it would suspend the power of alienation for a period “not dependent upon lives in being.”
I am of the opinion that the agreement, as pleaded, is not susceptible of this construction, and that it constitutes a good defense to the action. Under its terms the three parties to it, the owners of the property, can at any time they see fit convey the title. The power of alienation is only suspended when there are no persons in being by whom an absolute fee in possession can be conveyed. As was said by Judge Vann, in Williams v. Montgomery, 148 N. Y. 519 , 43 N. E. 57 :
“The test of alienability of real or personal property is that there are persons in being who can give a perfect title. * * * Where there are
living parties who have unitedly the entire right of ownership, the statute has no application. * * * The ownership is absolute, whether the power ■to sell resides in one individual or in several. If there is a present right to dispose of the entire interest, even if its exercise depends upon the consent of many persons, there is no unlawful suspension of the power of alienation. The ownership, although divided, continues absolute.”
Here, as said, the three owners can sell at any time they see fit. All they have to do is to agree upon the 'price. Not only this, but the death of any one of the parties would terminate the agreement, when a sale or partition could be had. Agreements among owners of real •estate not to bring an action to partition during a certain time are not uncommon, and where such an agreement is made it is a good ■defense to an action to partition. Brown v. Coddington, 72 Hun, 147 , 25 N. Y. Supp. 649 ; Ogilby v. Hickok, 144 App. Div. 61 , 128 N. Y. Supp. 860 ; affirmed 202 N. Y. 614 , 96 N. E. 1123 ; Martin v. Martin, 170 Ill. 639 , 48 N. E. 924 , 62 Am. St. Rep. 411 ; Eberts v. Fisher, 54 Mich. 294 , 20 N. W. 80 ; Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law (2d Ed.) vol. 21, p. 1158, and cases cited.
It follows that the court erred in granting judgment, and for that •reason the order appealed from must be reversed, with $10 costs and •disbursements, and the motion for judgment denied, with $10 costs. All concur.
Cases cited
- Williams v. Montgomery 148 N. Y. 519 p. 314
- In re the Estate of Laffargue 202 N. Y. 614 p. 315