Enders v. Enders

The court is asked upon this application to confirm the report of a referee in an action for absolute divorce. This is required because the judgment must be rendered by the court and cannot be taken, as of course, upon the referee’s report. Code Civ. Proc. § 1229.

The parties were married in this state on May 17, 1896, and have since resided therein. They have two children. By mutual consent they separated in or about June, 1913, and the defendant made an agreement to pay to the plaintiff the sum of $20 a week for the support of herself and the two children, and this payment has been continued to the present time, first pursuant to such agreement and afterwards under an order of this court made on October 6, 1913. The complaint which was verified on .September 17, 1913, charged the defendant with the commission of the statutory offense on the 6th of September, 1913, with a woman unknown to the plaintiff in a hotel in the borough of Manhattan. The defendant served, upon September 24, 1913, his answer, which was as the statute permits unverified. Upon October 31st, upon a consent signed by the attorneys and some supporting affidavits, an order of reference was made to hear and determine the issues. The trial took place on November 7th, and the referee’s report was filed on December 18th, and on December 11th the plaintiff served anticipatory notice of application to confirm the referee’s report “filed herein, the 18th day of December, 1913,” and obtained an admission from the defendant’s attorney dated December 11, 1913, of due service of the said notice and of the proposed interlocutory judgment accompanying the same. - Although the stenographic transcript of the minutes upon the trial show that the defendant moved, when the plaintiff rested, to dismiss the complaint on the ground that the plaintiff had failed to prove a cause of action and took an exception to the referee’s refusal to dismiss, yet he did not appear on the motion for confirmation nor offer any objection to the granting of the interlocutory judgment of absolute divorce against him. I have been somewhat particular to review the steps in this litigation because I shall not confirm the report - for the reasons hereafter given and because this seems a suitable occasion fof

Although the record in this case as outlined above presents some grounds for suspicion, I should probably give the plaintiff the benefit of the doubt which has arisen in my own mind were it not for a much more serious difficulty in her position. The referee should, in my opinion, have granted the defendant’s motion to dismiss the complaint. Only two witnesses were sworn on the trial, the plaintiff herself and a hired detective. The plaintiff was asked some questions which the law holds to be incompetent in such actions, and she alone identified a photograph of the defendant. The other witness, the private detective, used this photograph as a means of identification of' the defendant while upon his trail, and it was the only source of his knowledge as to the identity of the defendant with the man whom he followed and whose acts he testified to as being the acts of the plaintiff’s husband, except that at the trial the defendant was pointed out to him. He says that on the day on which the complaint charges the unlawful act was committed he (the witness) followed the defendant to the hotel in question, being accompanied by a man in his employ who was not produced as a witness on the trial although still working for the detective as he said “on and off.” It will serve no useful purpose to restate the testimony of the detective. Its character was open to some criticism, but doubtless it would serve, if corroborated, to support the charge. It was wholly uncorroborated, however, and the law of this state does not authorize the granting of a divorce upon the bare and uncorroborated testimony of a hired detective. As Judge Earl said in Moller v. Moller, 115 N. Y. 466 , 22 N. E. 169 :

“The courts have come to regard the uncorroborated evidence of such, witnesses insufficient to break the bonds of matrimony. Sopwith v. Sopwith, 4 Sw. & Tr. 246; Ginger v. Ginger, L. R. 1 P. & D. 38; Banta v. Banta, 3 Edw. Ch. 295 ; Turney v. Turney, 4 Edw. Oh. 566; Platt v. Platt, 5 Daly, 295 ; Anonymous, 28 N. Y. Super. Ct. 611 .”

The reason for the rule that such testimony should be minutely scrutinized and corroborated either by the facts and circumstances in evidence or by the direct testimony of other witnesses is well stated in Blake v. Blake, 70 Ill. 618 , 622, in this wise:

“When a man sets up_as a hired discoverer of supposed delinquencies, and the amount of his pay depends upon the extent of his employment, and the extent of his employment depends upon the discoveries he is able to make, then the man becomes a most dangerous instrument.”

The motion to confirm the report of the referee is for this reason denied, and a new trial is ordered, which under the law must be had before another referee appointed upon application of either party. Code Civ. Proc. § 1012. See,- also, Schroeter v. Schroeter, 23 Hun, 230 ; Gorham v. Gorham, 40 App. Div. 564 , 58 N. Y. Supp. 50 ; Galloway v. Galloway, 92 App. Div. 300 , 86 N. Y. Supp. 1078 ; Perkins v. Perkins, 130 App. Div. 193 , 197, 114 N. Y. Supp. 960 ; White v. White, 138 App. Div. 272 , 122 N. Y. Supp. 885 .

Settle order on notice.