In re New York, Lackawanna & Western Railway Co.

strip, having such line for its center, six rods in width, reserving for her use a grade crossing, which the railway corhpany undertook to make and maintain. The railroad was constructed, and the crossing provided. This proceeding was instituted, as appears by the petition, to extinguish such easement of the respondent, for the alleged reason that the company required the land so conveyed, and embracing that within the location of such easement, for “warehouses and trestles, and facilities for the handling and storage of coal and other freight, and their transfer from car to car, and for its other lawful purposes.” Upon appeal from the order of the special term appointing commissioners, such order was, with some modification, affirmed; upon the assumption that, by the extinguishment of the easement so provided, it was not designed to deny to the respondent the right and means of a farm-crossing over the land so conveyed. 44 Hun, 194 . The quantity of her land north of the railroad, and fronting on the highway, is two and sixty-nine one-hundredths acres, and her buildings are upon it. South of such railroad, and of the land taken by the Erie & Lehigh Valley Railroad Companies, the quantity of her land is six and seventeen one-hundredths acres, making, together, eight and eighty-six one-hundredths acres retained by the respondent in her farm. The company does not by this proceeding seek or propose to take any additional land for its structures, but its apparent purpose is to erect them upon the strip so conveyed to it, and upon which the railroad was constructed. The commissioners awarded to her $900; and in their report say that in making such award they “regarded said Catherine Miller as having a right to a grade crossing from the northerly line to the southerly line of land deeded by her to the petitioner.” ■ Ho evidence appears to have been taken by the commissioners, other than such as they may have obtained by a personal view of the premises, of the damages she would suffer upon the assumption that a crossing over the land would be substituted for the one extinguished. The evidence of the witnesses produced at the hearing related solely to the value of the respondent’s land; and to the value of that portion of it south of the railroad, in the event that the means of crossing to and from it over the land so conveyed are cut off and denied to her. It is difficult to see how the amount of the award was arrived at upon the assumption that the land-owner was to have a crossing over such railroad land for her use. The consequences to her property by the construction and operation of the railroad, or in the erection of structures for its purposes upon the land conveyed to the company, were not the subject of consideration in this proceeding; as they were disposed of or covered by the sale and conveyance of the land by the respondent to the company for the purposes of the railroad, subject only to the right of a grade crossing. Assuming that the commissioners had in view a crossing to be provided for her over the lands in making the award, it does not appear by any evidence, and is not represented by their report, how or to what extent it would be less useful or convenient for her than the one extinguished; and upon that assumption we fail to find in the papers before us any satisfactory support for the award.

There was some evidence tending to prove that, in view of the extinguishment of the easement in question, the respondent’s land south of the railroads would have a greater value if it abutted on the street south of it, than it would have if shut off from it, as it was, by a narrow strip of land between the south line of her lot and the street. The counsel for the petitioner offered to show that he was the owner of that strip of land, and was then ready and offered to deliver to the respondent a deed already executed, conveying it to tier, without the payment by her of any consideration, and offered such deed in evidence. To this evidence the respondent’s counsel objected. It was excluded, and exception taken. The evidence was offered to prove that she then had the opportunity to connect the south end of her land with a street, in that manner to enhance its value, and thus tend to diminish the damages she would suffer by cutting off partially or wholly her means of passage across

the railroad from the northern to the southern portion of her land; and it cannot be said that such may not have been the effect, founded upon the estimated value, of her property. With a view to the question of compensation, it was proper to show the existing or available facilities of going upon the land for the purposes of its use, and the value remaining of the premises after the extinguishment of the particular easement. But the adoption of the proposition in question would seem to lead to the conclusion that in a proceeding to condemn land, and upon the subject of compensation, such means as the petitioner should enable the land-owner to accept, as might enhance the value of the portion not taken of any parcel of land, would become the subject of-consideration for the commissioners; and such means might be produced by a variety of supposable causes. The prevailing theory upon which compensation in such cases is estimated has reference to the condition in which the remaining property of the land-owner will be left, and how it will be affected by the appropriation of the portion taken for the public uses in view. This involves the consideration of the impairment of the conveniences and facilities relating to its legitimate use, as well as the depreciation in value occasioned by the severance from it of that taken. In this case the inquiry related to the consequences of denying to the respondent the easement which had been provided for her passage from one portion to the other of her land. It was competent to show the means she would have to reach the southern portion of the lot, and that she could do so by going the distance of one and three-fourths miles; and although it may have been a gracious act on the part of the petitioner to offer her a way from the street on to her lot at that end of it, by the conveyance to her of the intervening land, she was not required to accept it, nor is it seen how, on her refusal to do so, that fact was legitimately available as evidence in reduction of compensation. The consideration by the commissioners of such means for that purpose is not within the contemplation of the statute. Hill v. Railroad Co., 5 Denio, 206 , affirmed 7 N. Y. 152 ; In re Railroad Co., 28 Hun, 426 . To hold to the contrary would be the assertion of a rule not entitled to support as a precedent, as it would be the,recognition of the right to urge in mitigation of damages in such eases whatever the land-owner may have had the opportunity to accept, which might be construed as a benefit to him in the value or use of his land not taken. It is not for the court to determine whether the respondent ought or not to have accepted the proposition made to her on the hearing. It was her right to decline to become the owner of the strip of land, and to refuse to have her land extended to the street. The motives of persons, in due exercise of their clear, lawful rights, are not usually the legitimate subject of criticism in legal proceedings. We have, examined the other exceptions to the rejection of evidence, and think there was no error in that respect to the prejudice of the petitioner. It may be observed that the rule relating to the trial of actions at law is not in its strictness applicable to proceedings of this character. Upon the assumption that the respondent is denied the right to a crossing over the railroad, the amount awarded as compensation has the support of evidence; and .in that view it cannot properly be determined excessive. In re Railway Co., 27 Hun, 116 . The appraisal and report should be reversed, and a new appraisal had, unless the respondent elect to release her right or claim to a crossing over the land of the petitioner; and in that event the appraisal and report should be affirmed, without costs of this appeal to either party.

Barker, P. J., and Haight, J., concur. Dwight, J., dissents.