People ex rel. Knickerbocker Press v. Barker

The business of the corporation is printing, binding, and manufacturing books. Immediately after its incorporation it purchased land at New Rochelle, in the county of Westchester, and there erected a factory, whereat all of its manufacturing is carried on, and there the financial concerns of the corporation are principally transacted. Where the corporation was assessed in 1893 does not appear, but in the year 1894 it was assessed in the city of New York. The relator, asserting that it is not a resident of the city of New York and liable to taxation therein, obtained a writ of certiorari to review and set aside the assessment. The policy of this state is to require corporations organized under its laws to have a fixed residence or domicile, which is deemed to be where it has its principal office or principal place of business. Section 3 of chapter 087 of the Laws of 1892—the general corporation law—provides: “The term, office of a corporation, means its principal office within the state, or principal place of business within the state, if it has no principal office therein. The office of a stock corporation shall be in the county, town or city in which its business is principally carried on.” Under this statute the terms “principal office” and “principal place of business” are synonymous when used in respect, to corporations organized under the laws of this state. When a business corporation is organized, its incorporators are required to select for it a domicile, or place of residence, which must be stated in the certificate of incorporation. It is for many reasons important that the residence or domicile of a corporation shall be a matter of public record. Annual reports and consents to mortgage the property must be filed in the office of the clerk of the county in which the principal office of a corporation is located, and notices to reduce or increase its capital stock must be published in the county wherein its principal office is located, and persons having occasion to. inquire into the financial standing of a corporation, or as to the validity of its mortgage bonds, should be informed by the public record at what office the inquiry should be made. In case the statute under which a corporation is organized requires that its principal place of business or its principal office be designated in its certificate of organization, the statement is as against the corporation conclusive evidence of its residence, unless its residence has been changed pursuant to some statute. Transporation Co. v. Scheu, 19 N. Y. 408 ; Starch Factory v. Holloway, 21 N. Y. 449 ; Miner v. Village of Fredonia, 27 N. Y. 155 ; Metcalf v. Messenger, 46 Barb. 325 ; Manufacturing Co. v. Coleman, 44 Hun, 545 ; Union Steamboat Co. v. City of Buffalo, 82 N. Y. 351 .

It is urged that this rule will enable corporations to designate as their principal place of business some town in which taxes are low, and remote from the real place of business of the corporation, and so substantially escape taxation. The statute requires that the certificate shall disclose the location of the principal office of the corporation, which “shall be in the county, town or city in which its business is principally carried on.” The statement of the location of its. principal office or place of business is a condition precedent for the organization of a business corporation, and should it

appear that the location of its principal office was willfully misstated in the certificate, or, in case the corporation should change its principal place of business without effecting a legal change of residence, for the purpose of evading taxation, it might present a case, under section 1798 of the Code of Civil Procedure, for the attention of the attorney general. We think the corporation is concluded by its certificate from asserting that it is not a resident of or taxable in the city of New York. The order should be affirmed, with costs. All concur.