Bernheimer v. Schmid

The allegation in the fourth paragraph of the complaint that the plaintiff and defendant became seised as tenants in common each of the undivided half of the property therein described “for the uses of the said copartnership and for the protection of the copartnership interest in the buildings which had theretofore been erected by said copartnership of plaintiff and defendant, and said predecessor copartnership thereon, and the brewery, machinery, and plant contained therein, and which had been placed therein by said copartnership of plaintiff and defendant and said predecessor copartnership, and for the protection and benefit of the copartnership business, and were dedicated by the plaintiff and defendant respectively to the uses of the copartnership,” is denied by the second paragraph of the answer, and it is alleged “that rent for •the use and occupation of said lands has been regularly paid by said copartnership between the plaintiff and defendant to the plaintiff and defendant individually during each year that said copartnership has used and occupied, said lands as a tenant of the same.” It is further averred that the “said lands are not a part of the copartnership stock or capital, that they are not a part of the copartnership ■assets, and that rent for the use and occupation of the same is due by said copartnership to the plaintiff and defendant individually.” It was in reference to this issue that a large portion of the testimony taken upon the trial was directed, the defendant objecting, in the first instance, that the oral evidence given by .the plaintiff to sustain his allegation was inadmissible; and, further, that, conceding its admissibility, it proves the intention of the parties that the land which they acquired individually should not become the property of the .firm. It has been definitely settled in this state that the question whether real estate is partnership property may be determined on -paroi evidence, independent of the particular form which the transaction took or the name in which the title was taken. Fairchild v. Fairchild, 64 N. Y. 471 , 477; Greenwood v. Marvin, 111 N. Y. 423 , N. E. 228; Chester v. Dickerson, 54 N. Y. 1 , 13 Am. Rep. 550 . therefore am of the opinion that the paroi evidence which I received was competent under the issue raised as to the character and

“Real estate purchased for partnership purposes and appropriated to those purposes, and paid for by partnership funds, becomes partnership property, and it is not material in what manner or by what agency the land is purchased, or in what name it stands. If it be established that it belongs to the partnership, equity will hold the one in whom is the legal title as trustee for the partnership. T. Pars. Partn. 363. When the land is conveyed to the several partners, it is not indispensable that it should be actually used for partnership purposes, nor that a positive agreement should be proved making it partnership property. If it has been paid for with partnership effects, it is then a question of intention whether the conveyance is to have its legal effect, and the parties are to be treated as tenants in common, or whether the land is to be treated as partnership property. The manner in which the accounts are kept, whether the purchase money was severally charged to the members of the firm, or whether the accounts treat it the same as other firm property, as to purchase money, income, expenses, etc., are controlling circumstances in determining such intention, and from these circumstances an agreement may be inferred.”.

Collumb v. Read, 24 N. Y. 511 .

Tested by the rule thus laid down, I do not think that it can be said upon the evidence in this case that the plaintiff and defendant were other than tenants in common of the property mentioned in the fourth paragraph of the complaint, or that said property is to be regarded in equity as partnership property. The partners have always been paid rent for the undivided half of the property of which each w7as the owner. The oral conversations which took place between the parties prior to the execution of the partnership articles dated December 1, 1893, do not satisfy me that it was the intention of either party to change the ownership of tenants in common to that of copartners. The plaintiff became, after the conveyance to him of the interest which his uncle, Simon Bernheimer, had in the premises, simply the successor to that uncle’s title to the undivided half of those premises, and the relation of lessor and lessee which had existed between the uncle and the partnership was continued between the plaintiff and the firm and between the firm and the estate of August Schmid; and after Mrs. Schmid acquired her title the relation of landlord and tenant existed between her and the firm. That such was the intention of the parties is, I think, clear, in the first place, from the fact that the purchases made by the plaintiff and by the defendant were not paid for out of the firm property or assets. They were paid for out of the funds of the individual partners. It will be recollected that one of the controlling facts, under the decisions above referred to, in ascertaining whether certain property is to be deemed partnership property when standing in the name of an individual partner, is whether it has been paid for out of the partnership funds. On the question of intention the agreement of December 1, 1893, which was executed after the conversation between the plaintiff and defendant referred to by the plaintiff and the witness Mr. Max Bernheimer, is very significant. In that agreement it is stated that the plaintiff “is the owner of the

It is claimed by the defendant that the amount expended by the firm on the building account was much less than the amount stated in the testimony of Mr. Max Bernheimer; and it would appear that since the plaintiff acquired his title there has been much less expense than when the title to one-half of the property was in the uncle and the lease from him to the firm was existing. In such case the expenditure for building is-not, in my judgment, controlling in determining whether the character of the title to the land was different from that expressed in the partnership articles of December 1, 1893. The case of Van Brunt v. Applegate, 44 N. Y. 544 , was a case in which the conveyance was made by Westervelt to Welch of one-half the property for the express purpose of forming the partnership, and it was held that under the circumstances the real estate was to be regarded as partnership property. There, too, it appeared that the rent accounts were entered upon the books, as a part of the partnership assets, and that the subsequent conveyance by Welch was made in payment of a debt owing by the partnership; and it was held that, although the firm was insolvent, as the creditor had no knowledge of the insolvency, the conveyance could not be attacked by a receiver appointed in an action for dissolution of the copartnership. In this case the partnership is not insolvent, and the question is not between the creditors of an insolvent concern.

The case of Mitchell v. Reed, 61 N. Y. 123 , 19 Am. Rep. 252 , and similar cases, which have been referred to by counsel, I do not regard as in point, for the reason that in those cases there had been some underhand advantage taken by one partner of the other, and the court held that the partner who had sought to obtain such advantage could not avail himself of his own wrong. In Mitchell v. Reed the leases of a hotel, which was occupied for partnership purposes, were about expiring, and the defendant secretly, without the knowledge of the plaintiff, obtained from the landlord a renewal of the leases in his own name; but the court held that the leases so taken were obtained in fraud of the rights of the copartner, and inured to the benefit of the firm. In this case there can, I think, be no fraud or wrong imputed to the defendant. The conveyance to the plaintiff by Simon Bernheimer and the conveyance of the surviving heir of August Schmid to the defendant show upon their face that each was made to the grantee individually, and not to the firm. There was-no concealment practiced in obtaining those conveyances, nor as to-their contents or provisions. I am therefore of the opinion that there should be an accounting between these parties, in order that their respective rights and interests in the assets of the firm can be ascertained.

2. On the trial the defendant offered no evidence, but, when the plaintiff rested, her counsel said that, as the plaintiff asked for a-receiver, the defendant joined in the request. Much testimony was taken which might have been reserved until an accounting before a referee had been had, but it was allowed by the court in order that a full history of the case could- be obtained. The plaintiff claimed that the court had no power, under such circumstances, to appoint a receiver'; that a motion at special term would have been the regular and proper procedure for that purpose. Although it is almost a matter of course to appoint a receiver in partnership cases, the parties were allowed to submit briefs upon that point. The learned' counsel for the plaintiff now strenuously contends that it is not in the power of the court to appoint a receiver. As the case has been-tried, and an interlocutory decree can be entered to direct an accounting and for such other purposes as to the court may seem proper, I do not think that this position is tenable. The case of Philipp v. Von Raven, 26 Misc. Rep. 553 , 57 N. Y. Supp. 701 , was a motion made on affidavits, and before trial, and under the circumstances the learned justice who heard the case deemed it inexpedient to grant the motion, and allowed the business to proceed under the direction of one of the partners, upon his giving proper security. Here there has been a trial, and it is evident that, if the business is to be wound up, there must be a receiver during the winding up. Dusenbury v. Dusenbury, 4 Civ. Proc. R. 126, is also a case in which the motion was made before trial, apparently upon the pleadings alone. The case of McElvey v. Lewis, 76 N. Y. 373 ,

An interlocutory decree will be entered directing an accounting between the parties, the appointment of a referee for that purpose, the appointment of a receiver in the meantime, and that upon the -coming in of the report of the referee the partnership property be sold,-, and the rights of the parties finally adjusted. Draw decision and judgment accordingly, and settle on three days’ notice.

Judgment accordingly.