In re Halsey's Estate

beyond possibility to assert the privilege; and if still, from reasons of public policy, the court felt bound to extend and keep alive the privilege, it would not be done any further than was consistent with justice and good morals. This rule continued to be followed in probate cases until the decision in Renihan v. Dennin, 103 N. Y. 573 , 9 N. E. Rep. 320 . In that case the court of appeals held that the fact that the evidence offered was in probate proceeding did not make the application of section 834 of the Code^[1] less operative, and at the close of the opinion Judge Earl said: “It is probably true that the statute, as we feel obliged to construe it, will work considerable mischief. In testamentary cases, where the contest relates to the competency of the testator, it will exclude evidence of physicians, which is generally the most important and decisive. * * * The remedy is with the legislature, and not with the courts.” Since that decision, the practice of this court has been to ask the physician, when an objection was raised to the proofs of facts learned in the course of his professional relations, whether what he was asked to' testify to was necessary for him to treat the patient. If he answered that it was not, it has been admitted. But there is a tendency to apply the rule with great strictness, and the language of Van Bruht, P. J., in Re Darragh, 5 N. Y. Supp. 58 , seems to have been relied upon by the assistant to sustain his ruling in excluding the testimony of Dr. Densmore offered. The court, in that case, say: “It is urged upon the part of the appellant that it was not shown that the knowledge which he had acquired in respect to his patient by the physician, while he was attending her, was necessary to enable him to prescribe for her. But it seems to us, in view of the rule laid down by the court of appeals, in construing the statute prohibiting the disclosure by physicians of the information they have received in respect to the condition of their patients, that it was not necessary that this should be established, and that all that it was necessary to establish, in order to preclude the physician from testifying, was that he had obtained the information during the course of his professional employment. And this is the only reasonable construction to be placed upon the statute, because otherwise it is placing it within the physician’s power to violate the statute at will. The information which the physician receives by his eyes, by his ears, and by his touch is in the course of his professional employment, and it may or may not be necessary for the purpose of prescribing, and this necessity may only be disclosed by the very fact of the imparting of the information; and, therefore, although information of this character may be communicated, supposedly, under the safeguards thrown around such communications by the law, yet it may turn out that such disclosure was not necessary to enable the physician to act in a professional capacity. But this could only be ascertained after the disclosure had been made. It is so difficult to draw the line that it is certainly best to err upon the side of safety, and shut the door against all disclosures of information acquired by a physician in attending a patient in a professional capacity, without requiring absolute proof that such information was necessary to enable him to act in that capacity. The intention, evidently, was to protect all communications made by a patient to his physician which the patient supposed, or had reason to believe, were protected by the provisions of the law.” As the court of appeals acknowledges that the rule laid down in Renihan v. Dennin is one which will exclude important testimony in a probate proceeding, and which the court invokes the legislature by its action to make admissible, I cannot believe that the general term, in Re Darragh, intended to exclude the testimony of a physician, which he, on his oath, stated was not necessary for him to act in his professional capacity. Hence, I hold the exclusion of the information obtained by Dr. Densmore under these circumstances to be er