Valentine v. Kelly — 26 N.Y. St. Rep. 481

Majority

p. 481

Ernest Valentine, Resp’t, v. Lewis Kelly, App’lt.

(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department,

Filed October 19, 1889.)

Headnote

1. Justice’s court — Justice cannot converse with jury after they RETIRE.

A justice has no right to enter the jury room and converse with the jury in the absence, or without consent, of the parties on the question of agreement. So, held, where he advised the jury to agree, as they did not want to try the case a second! time.

2. Same — Corrupt motive need not be shown.

No corrupt motive of the justice need be shown in order to set aside a verdict which has been brought about by his unwarrantable interference with the jury’s deliberations.

3. Same — Return—Code Crv. Pro., § 3056.

Where the justice has died before making the return, and the parties-agree to use the minutes as such return, affidavits showing such interference by the justice with the jury may be treated as supplemental to and a. part of such return under § 3056, Code Civ. Pro.

(Vallen v. McGuire, 49 Hun, 594 ; 18 N. Y. State Rep., 410, distinguished.)

Appeal from a judgment of the county court of Brie county, affirming a judgment rendered by a justice of the peace of the town of Collins on the verdict of a jury for the sum of $16.35,. being for wages as the defendant’s hired man.

Fred. J. Blackman, for resp’t; J. M. Congdon, for app’lt

On account of the death of the justice of the peace before a return was made by him, there exists a lack of the details of the evidence given before him; yet enough is disclosed to show that it was a fair question of fact for the jury whether the wages of the plaintiff were to be paid by the defendant or by one Geiger. Under these circumstances, the verdict, if uninfluenced by other matters than the evidence, must be deemed conclusive.

A reversal was also claimed in the county court, and is insisted upon here, on the ground of the misconduct of the justice of the peace in conferring with the jury after they had retired to deliberate upon their verdict. Three of the six jurors, and the constable who was in charge of them, have made affidavits to the effect that after the jury had retired for deliberation the justice entered their room and had a conversation with them about the case in the absence of parties and counsel and without their consent. The jury had then been out nearly four hours. Eliminat

p. 482

ing from the case the affidavits of the jurors upon the ground taken by the respondent’s counsel, that they cannot be heard to impeach the integrity of their own verdict, but without giving our -.assent to the correctness of the proposition as applied to the facts of this case, there remains the uncontradicted affidavit of the constable as follows: “ That the said jury failed to agree for nearly four hours, and the foreman of the jury asked deponent to bring in the justice of the peace, and repeated the request once or twice; deponent thereupon went out and found, the justice, "William Peacock, and - the said Peacock then went into the room with deponent and the jury. That neither of the parties to the action, or either of their counsel, were present, but that the justice came alone with deponent and the jury. After Peacock ■came into the room the foreman of the jury stated to him that they could not agree. Peacock then stated to the jury that it takes a good deal of time and a good deal of expense to try these law suits, and it seems as though you ought to agree. One of the jury then said to him that they stood two to four, and Peacock then left the room, and the jury some time afterwards agreed on a "verdict for the plaintiff.”

The version of the transaction as given by the jurors is not materially different from that related by the constable. They say that after the constable returned with the justice the latter went to the stove to fix the fire, and while he was doing so said, " Boys, you had better try and agree, we do not want to try this •case over again.” One of the jury stated to the justice that they ■stood two to four, and the said Peacock then said, “You are so near together that you had better agree,” and then left the room, .and the jury soon afterwards agreed upon a verdict for the plaintiff.

.There is not, it is true, any evidence that the justice of the peace was partial to the plaintiff, or that he had any motive in coercing a verdict in his favor against the defendant. The objection to the proceeding rests on a higher ground. We think the justice had no right to enter the jury room and hold conversation with the jury, in the absence or without the consent of the parties, upon the question stated by them and answered by him. Ho corrupt motive of the justice need be shown in order to set aside a verdict of a jury which has been brought about by his unwarrantable interference with their deliberations. The jury, after it retires, must remain untrammeled and uninfluenced by any advice ■which the justice may, though honestly, give in regard to their verdict without the consent of the parties. Any relaxation of the ■rule as uniformly held, Taylor v. Betsford, 13 Johns., 487 ; Bunn v. Croud, 10 id., 239; Neilv. Abel, 24 Wend., 185 ; Benson v. Clark, 1 Cow., 258 , would seriously impair the confidence of the public, not only in our system of trial by jury in courts of subor•dinate, but also in those of the highest jurisdiction.

This case is distinguishable from Vallen v. McGuire, 49 Hun, 594 ; 18 N. Y. State Rep., 410, in this respect, namely, in the ■case before us, the justice having died before making a return on appeal to the county court, the minutes left by the justice were

p. 483

agreed upon by counsel, and inserted in the case as the return, and. the affidavits above mentioned may be properly treated as supplemental to and as a part thereof under § 3056 of the Code of Civil Procedure. It may be presumed that the justice, if living, would have made a return embodying the “ other proceedings taken ” if so requested.

The judgment of the county court and of the justice should be. reversed, with costs.

Barker. P. J. and Dwight, J., concur.