Majority
Headnote
False impbisonhent — What will not constitute.The action was brought to recover damages for alleged false imprisonment. The plaintiff was arrested, without warrant, by a member of the police force of the city of New York, and taken into the fifth district police court, in which the defendant was assistant of the clerk. The defendant and the police justice of the court testified that the latter was then engaged in the consideration of some other case before him. The plaintiff, with one Graham, who under the direction of the police officer, accompanied him to the court, was taken to the desk of the defendant, in the court room, who proceeded to take a statement of the case upon which the plaintiff had been arrested, and while the police officer was making his statement the defendant, apparently annoyed by the interruption of the plaintiff, directed the officer to put the plaintiff in a room in which prisoners were kept, and he, with Graham, was taken there, where he remained a few minutes, until the complaint was prepared, which was made by Graham against the plaintiff for an alleged assault and battery. Thereupon, the plaintiff was brought before the court or magistrate, and discharged from custody on giving bail. The cause of the plaintiff’s complaint against the defendant was the direction of the latter upon which the plaintiff was placed in the adjoining room, in which prisoners were usually detained temporarily until their arraign
It does not conclusively appear that the defendant in giving the direction before mentioned was acting pursuant to any rules of regulations of the court or of the board of police justices, or in performance of any specific authority conferred upon him. by his superior. It is urged that his direction to place the plaintiff in the prisoners’ room was wrongful, and charged the defendant as for unlawful imprisonment of the plaintiff. If the plaintiff’s arrest was without authority, and his custody by the police officer illegal, it might be seen that the defendant would, by causing the execution of his direction, be rendered liable as a participant in the unlawful arrest and custody of the plaintiff. But it must, upon the facts and exceptions, as presented by the record, be assumed that the arrest of the plaintiff was legal. It was made while he was engaged apparently in the commission of a breach of the peace, that is to say, committing an assault upon Graham. This supported the right of the officer in making the arrest and in taking the plaintiff before the magistrate or court, although there may have been circumstances which would constitute a defense for him upon the hearing or trial of the charge. He submitted to the arrest, and was immediately taken before the sitting magistrate or his court, as required by the statute. Id., § 279. And until he could be there arraigned, it was within the power of the police officer to place the plaintiff in the prisoners’ room without any direction of the court or its officer. No legal right of the plaintiff was, therefore, violated by placing and temporarily detaining him there to await the opportunity to bring his case in an orderly manner before the police justice. The defendant, as the assistant of the clerk, had his duties, whatever they were, to perform. In this instance he was attempting to ascertain the facts upon which to prepare the complaint, with a view to the proper presentation for the action of the court or magistrate upon it of the charge on which the arrest was made. That service of the defendant, it may be assumed, was legitimately within his duties, and it was but reasonable that he should have the opportunity to do it without unnecessary interruption. The cause which induced him to direct the officer having the custody of the plaintiff to take him to the room referred to, evidently did not spring from any purpose to make his detention oppressive. It was to enable him to obtain the information requisite to prepare the complaint for the presentation of the case to the magistrate.
While it is reprehensible to render the custody of persons arrested unnecessarily uncomfortable, and for abuses in that respect an action may lie, there must be some discretion in the officer making arrests as to the nature of the restraint which may be essential to the security of the custody of prisoners. There was in' the present case probably no ground for apprehension that the plaintiff would attempt to escape from the custody of the officer. But it
There the duty of Kennedy, who was superintendent of the police, was to direct that Green be taken without delay before a magistrate, but, instead of doing that, he directed that he be taken back and locked up. That treatment of the prisoner was in violation of his right which the law affiorded him to be taken without unnecessary delay before the magistrate. He was there kept in imprisonment eight days with the knowledge of Kennedy, who was very properly held liable for false imprisonment, although the .arrest was legal. That was a case of denial by the defendant there of the right of the plaintiff to have his case presented to the magistrate as soon as practicable, of which there is and can be no complaint in the present case. In that case the right of the officer, making the arrest, to detain the prisoner until there may be an opportunity for hearing before the magistrate is recognized. That was all that was done in this instance, and whether the detention was in the court room, or in the other room referred to, does not seem essentially important in a legal sense, whatever view may be taken of it as mere matter of propriety, with which the court on this review is not at liberty to deal. These views lead to the conclusion that no right of action for false imprisonment resulted in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant from the direction before mentioned, given by the latter to the police officer, and therefore the exception to the direction of the verdict was not well taken. _ And the same may be said of the exception to the refusal to submit to the jury certain propositions, which the defendant’s counsel requested to have submitted to them. It may be observed that the question of the arrest of the plaintiff by the police officer or its legality was not specifically embraced within such request, nor was it available to the plaintiff as one of fact for the jury upon the evidence.
The exclusion of evidence of the disposition made by the grand jury of the charge against the plaintiff, was not error. That evidence could have no legitimate bearing upon the question of the legality of the arrest by the police officer. And in this action for
The judgment should be affirmed.
All concur.