p. 378Appeal from a judgment entered upon an order made at the Cattaraugus circuit dismissing the plaintiff’s complaint. After the jury were empanelled the defendant moved that the complaint be dismissed, for the reason that it did not state a cause of action and the same was granted. Judgment being entered thereon the plaintiff appeals. -
Albert Spring, for app’lt; J. Arthur Corbin, for resp’ts.
In the act entitled “An act to suppress intemperance, pauperism and crime,” chapter 646 of the Laws of 1873, it is provided that. “Every wife * * * who shall be injured in person, or property, or means of support, by any intoxicated person, or in consequence of the intoxication of any person, shall have a right of action * * * against any person who shall by selling or giving away intoxicating liquors, cause the intoxication, in whole or in part.” The plaintiff alleges in her complaint that James Beers is her husband, and that on the day named therein they lived and cohabited together, and that prior thereto, and at that time, he provided for her support and maintenance; that the defendant George sold her husband intoxicating liquors, which he drank and caused him to become intoxicated, and that while so intoxicated and in consequence thereof he shot and killed one Banfield.
The complaint further alleges that her said husband was immediately thereafter arrested. for the said offense, tried and convicted and sentenced to confinement in a state prison for the period of his natural life, and is now confined by virtue of such sentence, and concludes the statement of her cause of action with an averment, viz.: “That by reason of his trial and imprisonment, which were the result and consequence of said intoxication, the plaintiff was deprived of the support and maintenance furnished her by her said husband, and was thereby injured in her support and means of support in a large sum, to wit, $5,000, "and as the plaintiff verily believes such deprivation will be a lasting and perpetual injury to her, the said plaintiff.”
The only argument presented by the defendant in support of the ruling at the circuit is, upon the facts as stated in the complaint, it does not appear that the loss of means of support sustained by the plaintiff was the direct result of the intoxication; that the arrest, trial and conviction of-the plaintiff’s husband by the officers of the law, and which resulted in his imprisonment, was the cause that produced that result, and was wholly independent of the intoxication produced by the liquor sold by the defendant George, and for that reason no cause of action was alleged against him within the provisions of the said act.
p. 379The homicide committed by Beers was a crime punishable by imprisonment, and his arrest, conviction ana sentence was a result to be anticipated, and as a matter of course, by the force and operation of the law of the land. The conviction of Beers was not the cause of his imprisonment, but was the result of the crime which he perpetrated in killing Banfleld, and that act was the direct and only cause in the eye of the law for his incarceration. Under the act it is necessary that two facts should concur besides the sale or gift of the liquor by the defendant to constitute a cause of action, to wit: intoxication resulting from its use in whole or in part, and the loss of the means of support by the plaintiff in consequence of such intoxication. The statute requires nothing more. The act itself establishes a rule of evidence applicable to and controlling in all cases arising under its provisions, which in some respects is new and has produced a radical change of the common law rule. The statute makes no distinction whether the loss of the means of support is the direct or remote result of the intoxication. It only requires that it should be established that the loss of the means of support is the result of such intoxication. The decisions are all in one direction on this subject, and the meaning and effect of the statute in this respect is settled by the frequent interpretation which has been placed upon its provisions. In Bertholf v. O’Reilly ( 74 N. Y., 509 ) Andrews, J., in delivering the opinion of the court, said: “The legislature may change the rule of the common law, which looks only to the proximate cause of the mischief, in attaching the legal responsibility, and allow a recovery to be had against those whose acts contributed, although remotely, to produce it. This is what the legislature has done in the act of 1873.” In Volans v. Owen ( 74 N. Y., 529 ) the same learned judge remarked, that both direct and consequential injuries are plainly included in the remedy given, and the legislature, by giving a right of action for injury to means of support, a cause of action unknown to the common law was created. In Mead v. Stratton ( 87 N. Y., 493 ), it was held that .the statute provides for a recovery by action for injuries to person or property, or means of support, without any restriction whatever, and that both direct and consequential injuries were included. That it is evident that the legislature intended to go, in such a case, far beyond anything known to the common law and to provide a remedy for injuries occasioned by one who was instrumental in the producing or who caused such intoxication. In the recent case of Neu v. Meckechnie ( 95 N. Y., 632 ) a like interpretation was given to the statute and applied to the case then under consideration.
p. 380The plaintiff averred, and we must assume was prepared to prove, that she was dependent upon her husband as the means of her own support. Of this she was deprived by his act in killing Bantield while intoxicated as plainly and certainly as if he had received while in a state of intoxication and in consequence thereof personal injuries which deprived lñm of the ability to labor.
If a good cause of action was stated against the defendant George, then it is admitted that a perfect cause of action was alleged against the other defendant, who was the owner and lessor of the premises where the liquor was sold.
Judgment reversed; new trial granted, with costs to abide the event.
Smith, P. J., and Bradley, J., concur. Haight, J., did not sit.