Griffeth v. Green

pony’s capital stock. It is not disputed that the original stock and a first increase of the capital were fully paid up and the required certificates of the fact duly filed; nor that upon subsequent issues of increased capital stock such certificates were either defective or wanting. It also did appear that the whole capital, as increased, had, as matter of fact, been paid in. The question is whether the plaintiff made out a case sufficient to charge the defendants with any statutory liability for such subsequent defaults to comply with the statute, and is purely technical.

Looking at the allegations of the complaint, in the first place, • we find that it sets out the several promissory notes made by the company and delivered to the plaintiff; their non-payment at maturity ; the recovery of judgment thereupon and the return of execution unsatisfied; the several increases of capital stock and the failure to make and record certificates of the payment of the capital stock, as prescribed by §§ 10' and 11 of the act, except as to the first increase of stock. The allegations as to the testator's holding of stock are that he “ was the owner of some of the original stock of said company and continued to sell and purchase shares of stock up to the time of his death, * * * at which time he was the owner of 223J shares, etc.; ” and it is alleged that such shares are a part of his estate, and that at the time the debt was contracted and of the commencement of the action the defendants were stockholders holding the said 223-J shares.

It is nowhere alleged that the testator, or his executors, these defendants, held any of the issues of increased stock, and the plaintiff did not prove upon the trial, as a part of his case, that any part of these 223£ shares was of those later issues, the legal regularity of which was affected by the failure to comply with the statute.. In order to make out a good cause of action the plaintiff should have alleged in his complaint that the shares held by defendants were, in whole or in part, as the case might be, of the increased stock. The mere averment as to their holding so many shares of the capital stock, or of the trading by testator in the stock, through sales and purchases, up to his death, .was not sufficient. It would not necessarily follow as a legal conclusion that any of the increased stock was held by the defendants, and the statutory liability inheres only by such a holding. But no objection seems to have been taken to the sufficiency of the complaint and we are concerned only with the sufficiency of the proof in the case as made. Upon the trial, the plaintiff made no attempt at any proof with respect to the shares of stock held, except through a stipulation of the defendants admitting their testator was a stockholder and owned shares of stock in the yeár the company was incorporated “ and continued to own shares of stock in said company down to the time of his death, and that his estate has ever since his death and now owns 223^-shares of stock.” But plaintiff argues that this admission, coupled with the fact that the testator was a trustee of the company and signed various notices to increase the capital stock, constituted a sufficient foundation for holding the defendants liable, or, at least, sufficient

until they overthrew a resulting presumption of liability. The point of his argument seems to be that there is a general liability upon all stockholders for the occurrence of such acts of omission by trustees as are here depended upon, because the increase is a corporate act. There is nothing in the argument and the statute never intended that the consequences of a failure to file the required certificate of payment upon an increase of the capital stock should be visited upon any but those who held it. In the case of Veeder v. Mudgett, 95 N. Y., 295 , the question of the liability which the statute imposes for the failure to file a proper certificate upon an increase of the capital stock was fully considered.

It was held that such a liability attached only to those who held the increased capital and that it has no reference to and no effect upon the original capital and its holders. Judge Finch, who delivered the opinion there, summarized by saying that “ it is the increase which is subjected to the liabilities of the act, and, as a consequence, only the holders of that increase to the par value of that stock who are liable for debts. The innocent holder of full paid stock, once discharged by law because his duty was done, goes free, as he should.” It is not possible to see why the decision in that ease should not control here. It, obviously, is authority for the proposition that the burden is upon him who seeks to enforce this statutory liability to allege and to prove that the conditions of the statute are exactly met by the case. The principle is unquestionably right, and it is one which underlies all cases where a liability is sought to be imposed which is in derogation of the common law and arises solely by reason of some legislative enactment. The statute here must be read with some respect to the object in view and it is then apparent that strictness harmonizes with reasonableness of construction. The provisions with which we are now concerned were intended as protection to those who have dealings with the corporation. They j ustify them in relying upon the fact that the whole authorized capital has been, paid in, in time and manner as prescribed by the statute, and if that fact is not certified to in the way there pointed out, then the holders of stock, as to which a certificate of full payment has not been filed, are made severally liable to the creditors of the company. The requirements of the law as to the payment in of the company’s capital and as to the filing of a certain certificate are reasonable and strictness in compliance is demanded in the interests of creditors and of stockholders. Whenever there is the failure to comply with' such statutory conditions, the creditor’s attack is confined to enforcing the precise consequences which are attached to the failure. Applying the principle here, the consequences of the omission to file a certificate as to the payment of the increase of capital were to subject, not the holders of the capital stock which had been fully paid up and as to which there was no statutory default, but the holders of the new issue of capital stock to liability for corporate debts.

As was suggested in Veeder v. Mudgett. the statute does not operate to revive any liability as against the holders of stock in

the issue of which the demands of the statute have been properly complied with; it only subjects the increase of stock to the same liabilities as the original stock and its holders were under. In our judgment, therefore, unless the stockholder proceeded against is proved to hold some of the increased stock, he is not brought within the statute. In this record it does not appear of what kind was the stock held by the testator and which passed to his personal representatives, and it is not a case for the indulgence of presumptions, or for the basing of inferences. Under the statute there must be precise proof that the statutory default affected the shares held by the defendants. The shares left by testator were, of course, part of the whole capital; but not necessarily, nor presumptively even, of the several issues increasing its amount.

For the reasons here assigned, the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

All concur.