Fischer v. Boecher — 43 N.Y. St. Rep. 622

Majority

p. 622

John B. Fischer, App’lt, v. Gertrude Boecher et al., Resp’ts.

(Supreme Court, General Term, First Department,

Filed February 18, 1892.)

Headnote

Partnership—Real estate—Trust.

A complaint alleged that partnership real estate stood in the name of one-partner, who conveyed it to one Boecher, and that by agreement of all her title was to be a fee if she paid a certain sum to each partner; that Boecherhad attempted to convey it to a third person in violation of the trust, ¡inch the complaint sought to establish the trust, and asked an accounting.

p. 623

Held, that it was defective; that it did not appear what was the exact estate which Boecher took in the land, nor what act she had refused to perform which the court could compel her to perform.

Appeal from a judgment entered upon an order dismissing the complaint made at the opening of the trial, on the ground that the complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a ■cause of action.

Daniel D. Sherman, for app’lt; Edward Browne, for resp’ts.

complaint shows that the title to partnership real estate was taken in the name of one of the partners; that such partner subsequently conveyed the real estate through one Kvahe, to the defendant, Gertrude Boecher; that by agreement ■of all the parties, the defendant’s, Gertrude Boecher’s, trustee ¡title should be an absolute fee simple upon payment by her of a ■certain sum to each partner; that said defendant has attempted So convey the same to a third party, in violation of the trust, and seeks to establish the trust, an accounting, a sale, and distribution of proceeds. The complaint is claimed to be defective in that She alleged trust is not one of the express trusts permitted by .statute; that the defendants, Adam Boecher and Frederick Boll-wage should have been joined as plaintiffs; that there is no sufficient allegation connecting Mrs. Boecher with the alleged trust, and lastly, that in any aspect of the complaint, no cause of action is stated.

Fairchild v. Fairchild, 64 N. Y., 471 , is authority for the statement that “ real estate purchased for and appropriated to partnership purposes and paid for out of partnership funds, is partnership property, although the legal title is taken in the name of one of the partners; equity will hold him as trustee for the firm.” “ That real «estate so purchased is not within the provisions of the statute of uses and trusts, 1 R S., 728, § 51, providing that when a grant for a valuable consideration shall be made to one person, and the consideration paid by another, no use or trust shall result in favor of the person making the payment. The partner having title is a trustee for the firm, holding the property as personalty, and when this trust is discharged by the payment of the debts or the settlement of the ■claims of the partners as between themselves, a trust in remainder results by operation of law to the other members of the firm, and the heirs of such as have died, which is valid by the provisions of the said statute reserving trusts arising or resulting by implication of law.”

This case was cited and applied in the case of Greenwood v. Marvin, 111 N. Y., 423 ; 19 St. Rep., 612 , wherein it was held that “ real estate purchased by a firm with its funds for partnership purposes is regarded in equity, so far as the fund and' its creditors are concerned, and so long as the partnership affairs remain unsettled, as personal property. The interests of the respective members of the firm are not required to be established by deed or instrument in writing. The creation of a trust as to such interest is not prohibited by the statute of uses and trusts.”

It will thus be seen that there was no legal objection to convey

p. 624

ing the property to Boecher, one of the partners, subject to the-partnership trust, and if the complaint had alleged that the title-subsequently conveyed to Krahe, and by him conveyed to Gertrude Boecher, was done under an .agreement that the same waste be held as personal property, and if it had been further made to. appear that the partnership'affairs had not been settled or adjusted, or if the opposite had been made to appear, that they had been settled and adjusted, and the rights of the partners, as between themselves, fixed and determined, so that a division of the partnership assets could be made, a cause of action would have-been stated which a court of equity could have enforced.

Such an action to compel the trustee to sell the property would! be based upon the theory that the property was subject to a partnership trust, which, for the purpose, .of paying the debts of the firm or adjusting the rights of the‘partners, could have been enforced. The .difficulty with the complaint here, however, is .not that a partnership trust in real estate is obnoxious to the statute, but. that no facts are stated -from which any such inference can be-drawn. It is not alleged -that the defendant Gertrude Boecher, who holds the title to the property, was a trustee for any such purpose. In regard. to a trust, the only allegation of the complaint is that the title “.should be conveyed to one Henry Krahe- . and subsequently to Gertrude Boecher, to be held in trust for the-plaintiff and the said defendants Adam Boecher and Frederick Bollwage.” This was an agreement between the parties, and whatever its character it appears that Gertrpde Boecher was neither a party to this agreement, claimed by the plaintiff to have resulted in the conveyance of the land to her, nor is it in any way shown, that she was privy thereto.

On. the contrary, other averments of the complaint, show that; she took title under an agreement to pay the grantor and the-plaintiff a valuable and substantial consideration, for a conveyance of the fee of the land.. Thus it is not shown nor can it be-determined from the complaint whether Mrs. Boecher took an. estate in the land as trustee, or whether there was a mere naked power in trust -given; and, if either, what act she was to perform . with respect, to the land which she refused to perform, or which the court could, by its decree, direct her to perform; nor is it made to appear what act she contemplates doing, which the court can say was or was not in her power to do.

Before the court can be induced to act in a case of this character, even upon plaintiff’s theory of a trust, it should, in some way, be stated or made apparent that the trustee, contrary to the terms • of the trust, is about to commit some act to the injury of his. cestui que trust. The complaint is barren of all such allegations,, and the- most favorable construction for plaintiff would .be, that., the defendant, Gertrude Boecher, obtained the property under an. agreement that she would pay -for the same the sum mentioned in. the complaint; but when and where she should make such payment, and as to what the agreement was as to the disposition-of the land in case of her refusal to make such payment, is not alleged.

p. 625

Taking, therefore, all the allegations of the complaint to be true, the court would be unable to determine what relief should, be granted to plaintiff, nor could it say, if it directed a sale of the property, to whom the proceeds should be given. Such complaint is too indefinite, and is wanting in the essential avermentsfrom which any cause of action can be spelled out.

Indulging in every presumption most favorable to plaintiff in order to support the complaint, we cannot see,' upon the facts pleaded, any theory or principle upon which a cause of action could be predicated.

We are of opinion, therefore, that the order and judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.

Van Brunt, P. J., and Lawrence, J., concur in result.