Ritter v. Devine

were had between the defendant Inness, the husband, and his mother, the present plaintiff. These negotiations resulted in the execution, by the plaintiff, of a bond and mortgage for $150 ($135 alimony and $15 sheriff’s fees on arrest), payable in three years, a bond in $1,000, as required by the decree in the separation action, a stipulation reducing the alimony to five dollars per week, and a mortgage, without bond, which recited the decree, the reduction of the alimony to five dollars a week, and mortgaged the lands described therein to secure the payment of the alimony ordered by the decree, with the provision that, on default in the payment of any alimony continuing for ninety days, the lands mortgaged could be sold. In the year 1889 the mortgage for $150 was foreclosed by advertisement, the notice of sale stating the premises to be subject to the other mortgage, on which there was then due the sum of about $2,026. On the sale the premises were purchased by the defendant Alfred Devine, the son of the defendant Fannie Devine. In 1893 the plaintiff brought this action, alleging that said mortgages were procured from her by fraud, and asking judgment that such mortgages and the sale under foreclosure be declared void. The court at special term found that the alimony mortgage was signed by the plaintiff under the belief that the limit of the amount to be secured by it was the amount of the bond,—$1,000,—and that she was deceived and misled into that belief. An account having been taken of the rents and profits, judgment was entered declaring the mortgage security for the sum of $1,000 only, setting aside the sale, and providing for a redemption by the plaintiff upon paying the amounts still due on the mortgages after charging thé defendants with the rents. We think that there was no such variance between the case made out by the plaintiff on the trial and that stated in the complaint as precluded the court from granting relief. While she did not show such deception and mistake as entitled her wholly to avoid the mortgages which she had executed, if she proved that by deceit she had been induced to create a greater liability than was intended, she was entitled to the relief against the excess' procured by fraud and mistake. The use in the complaint of the term “ conspiracy ” does not affect the cause of action. It was simply an action to set aside the instruments on the ground of fraud.

This brings us to the question whether the trial court erred in its finding of fact that the mortgage was procured by deceit and mistake. We think the evidence justifies the findings in this respect. The plaintiff was a woman characterized by the defendant Inness, in his letter to the public administrator, as “ ignorant and unfitted for business,” and, as appears by her evidence in this case, probably justly so characterized. She bad no lawyer present to aid her in the negotiations from which the mortgage proceeded. The defendant Inness, the counsel for the plaintiff in the separation action (Fannie Devine), drew all the papers. It is not-necessary to rely on the testimony of the plaintiff. It is sufficient to assume the correctness of the statement of the defendant Inness. He narrates the conversation between himself and the

plaintiff. He told her that, in addition to the $135 arrears of alimony, for which her son was arrested, a bond oí $1,000 to secure the payment o£ the alimony was required by the judgment. He told her that her son said she was willing to give this security. She consented to execute the bond, and did execute it. They then spoke of a reduction of the alimony : “ I then asked Mrs. Devine if I should assent to a reduction of the alimony to five dollars,—was she willing to secure that by a mortgage on the property,—and she said she was.” Bearing in mind the previous reference to the bond of $1,000, and her execution of it, we think the fair and reasonable construction of this conversation was that the bemd of $1,000 should be secured by the mortgage. If it was intended that, instead of security for §1,000, the mortgage should be an obligation upon which $1,380 (alimony at five dollars a week) would be due at the veiy instant of its execution, and which should cover all alimony which might subsequently accrue, common fairness dictated that “ an ignorant woman unfitted for business ” should have been fully apprised of the change in amount and extent of the obligation. It is further to be observed that, while the plaintiff is given three years to pay the $150, the other mortgage is so drawn that ninety days after date a foreclosure of it could be instituted for the $1,380 of alimony past due. These facts justify the findings of the special term.

As the notice of sale incorrectly and unfairly stated the amount due on the prior incumbrances, subject to which the property was sold, the sale should not be allowed to stand.

The judgment appealed from should be affirmed, with costs.

All concur.