Colby v. Colby — 62 N.Y. St. Rep. 631

Majority

p. 631

Phoebe T. Colby, Resp’t, v. Edward Colby, Guardian, etc., Impleaded, etc., App’lt.

(Supreme Court, General Term, Fifth Department,

Filed October 17, 1894.)

Headnote

1. Wills—Actions to establish.

Chap. 316 of 1879, authorizing actions in the supreme court to establish wills, was impliedly repealed by §§ 1866, 1867 of Code.

2. Specific performance—Agreement to make devise.

An agreement by a decedent to devise land may be enforced against his heirs.

Appeal from an interlocutory judgment entered on a decision sustaining a demurrer to the complaint.

James B. Cox, for app’lt; Rich & Ailcen, for resp’t.

The demurrer was sustained, as appears from the opinion of the trial court printed in the case, upon two grounds: 1. That the complaint fails to show a cause of action; 2. That :there is a defect of parties, in that the personal representatives are not made parties defendant.

In construing a pleading demurred to, all reasonable intendments will be indulged in for its support. Lorillard v. Clyde, 86 N. Y. 385 . Guided by this rule in construing this complaint, we are of the opinion that it states a cause of action,—not, perhaps, the one that the pleader had in mind when he prepared the complaint. It states that one Lucius H. Colby, in his lifetime was the owner and in possession of a house and lot in the city of Auburn, N. Y., and that in the month of May, 1893, he made a proposition of marriage to the plaintiff, which she accepted, and that thereupon an agreement in writing was made and subscribed by the parties, bearing date on the 20th day of May, 1893, by the terms of which it was mutually agreed that the two should be presently married, and that the plaintiff should live with the defendant at his residence, and be a faithful and loving wife to him so long as he should live, and if the plaintiff should survive him she should have the said premises as her own in fee simple absolute, and that in pursuance of the terms of said contract, and in part performance of said agreement, the said Colby executed and published his will and testament in due form of law, by which he duly devised to the plaintiff, her heirs and assigns, forever, the whole of the said premises, and he agreed that he would not r^ voke or alter the will; that on said 20th day of May the parties were duly married, and the plaintiff went at once to live with said Colby at his residence aforesaid,'and from that time continued to live with him as his wife, doing all things necessary for his health and comfort, until he died, on the 10th day of March, 1894; that the defendants are the children, grandchildren, and heirs at law of the deceased; that by the undue influence and persuasion of some of the defendants the said Colby, in the month of September, 1893, disregarding the obligations of his said antenuptial contract with the plaintiff, executed and published another and a different will, and undertook thereby to revoke the said will of May

p. 632

20, 1893, with a view of defrauding the plaintiff. The complaint further alleged that the plaintiff is in the quiet possession of the premises, claiming to be the owner thereof in fee under the said contract and the will made as aforesaid in May, 1893; and judgment is demanded for the enforcement of the said antenuptial contract, and confirmation of her title to said premises, and for such other or different relief as to the court shall seem meet and proper. The complaint, in addition to the foregoing, demands judgment for the establishment and probate of the will of May 20,1893, according to the statute in such case made and provided, and further that the will of September, 1893, be declared fraudulent and void. The latter relief was asked for under chapter 316 of the Laws of 1879, providing for the establishment and probate of wills in the supreme court. The act of 1879 was repealed by §§ 1866 and 1867 of the Code of Civil Procedure. Horton v. Cantwell, 108 N. Y. 255 ; 13 St. Rep. 615 ; Anderson v. Anderson, 112 N. Y. 104 ; 20 St. Rep. 344 . The pleader did not seem to have been aware of the repeal of this act when he prepared his complaint. But asking for this relief to which the plaintiff was not entitled' did not prevent her from obtaining other relief to which she was entitled under the allegations of her complaint. There was a legal, binding contract alleged in the complaint, made upon a good and sufficient consideration, which the plaintiff fully and faithfully performed upon her part. The deceased failed to perform on his part. He failed to vest her with the title to the property in question, and in consequence of such failure on the part of the deceased the title to the house and lot descended to the defendants, who are his heirs at law. The relief to which the plaintiff is entitled is a conveyance from these heirs of the title to the premises in fulfillment of the contract of their ancestor. While an agreement to make a certain disposition of property by a last will is one which, strictly speaking, is not capable of a specific execution, yet it has been held to be within the jurisdiction of equity to do what is equivalent to a specific performance of such an agreement by requiring those upon whom the legal title has descended to convey the property in accordance with its terms. 3 Pars. Oont. 405. And the court will not allow this post mortemremedy to be defeated by any devise inconsistent with the agreement. The making of the'first will was not a complete performance of the contract on the part of the deceased. The contract provided that if the plaintiff performed the contract upon her part she should have the fee of the premises in question. In this respect the deceased failed to perform the contract. The relief to which the plaintiff is entitled" is a conveyance of the premises from the heirs at law of the deceased.

There is no claim for damages against the estate. The personal representatives of the deceased are not, therefore, necessary parties, and then it does not appear from anything alleged in the complaint that the deceased has any personal representatives. He left a will, but it does not appear that there'was any executor appointed by the will, or that it has ever been admitted to probate. The interlocutory judgment appealed from should be reversed, and the

p. 633

demurrer overruled, with costs, but with leave, however, to the defendant demurring to serve an answer to the complaint within 20 days.upon payment of tne costs of this appeal and of the demurrer. All concur.

Cases cited

Horton v. Cantwell 108 N. Y. 255 N.Y. 1888-01-17 p. 632
Anderson v. Anderson 112 N. Y. 104 N.Y. 1889-01-15 p. 632