Majority
p. 321Fredericka Beitz, App'lt, v. Adaline H. Fuller et al., Resp’ts. (Supreme Court, General Term,, Fifth Department, Filed December 28, 1895)
Headnote
3. Judgments—Correction.Courts have sufficient control over their own judgments to amend them at any stage of an action in order to correct a mistake or to conform them to the decisions actually made.
p. 322
3. Same.
Such, power is limited to corrections which do not involve matters of substance, and its exercise is not permitted to meet some legal, or even equitable, exigency to which the court’s attention may becallecl at the sub- ¡ sequent stage of the action nor where it will limit the legal effect of a judg- , ment. So held, where, by inadvertence, a trial court failed to incorporate in its judgment the conclusion of law that defendant was not entitled to '• recover damages in that action, and remitting the parties to their appro- : priate actions on the contract, and where, on plaintiff’s motion, judgment was amended by inserting such conclusion of law, and on its own motion ' the court further amended both decision and judgment by remitting the parties to their appropriate actions for damages,or to enforce the contract.
Appeal from an order amending a decision, of the trial court and the judgment entered thereon.
This action was brought to rescind a contract for the sale of land upon the ground of fraud. The defendant Fuller, in her answer to the amended complaint, set forth certain facts constituting her defense, and demanded a specific performance of the contract. Afterwards, and by leave of the court, she served an amended answer, which, instead of praying for specific performance, set forth other facts, and demanded judgment for damages for a breach of the contract. The issues thus joined came on for trial before the court, at a special term thereof, and the trial justice, in his decision, found as a conclusion of law that the plaintiff had-failed to maintain her action, and that the defendant Fuller was not entitled to recover any damages in this action, and remitted the parties to their appropriate actions to enfore the contracts and agreements between them. The judgment subsequently entered failed to adjudge that the defendant Fuller was not entitled to recover any damages in this action, and that no relief was granted to any of.the parties, as the court thereupon, "upon the plaintiff’s motion, amended the judgment so as to conform to the decision by adding this provision, and then, upon its own motion apparently, further amended both the decision and judgment in such manner as that they now provide' that the parties are remitted to their appropriate actions for damages, if any, or to enforce the contracts and agreements between them, instead of being left to their appropriate actions for enforcement of contracts merely. From so much of the order as contains this additional amendment the plaintiff appeals to this court.
George C. Miller, for app’lt; Root, Orton & Baldwin, for resp’ts.
It is a well-settled rule of practice that courts have sufficient control over their own judgments to amend them at any stage of an action in order to correct a mistake or conform them to the decisions actually made. Code Civ. Proc. § 723 ; Bank v. Morton, 67 N. Y. 199 ; National City Bank v. New York Gold Exch. Bank, 97 N. Y. 645 . But such power is limited to corrections which do not involve matters of substance, and its exercise is not permitted to meet some legal, or even equitable, exigency to which the court’s attention may be called at a subsequent stage of the action, nor where it will limit the legal effect of a judgment. Stannard v. Hubbell, 123 N. Y. 520 ; 34 St Bep. 413.
p. 323
The correctness of the- plaintiff’s contention depends, therefore» upon which of these two classes of amendments the one he complains of belongs to. This case affords a very apt illustration of an amendment which is clearly permissible. The trial court, in its second conclusion of law determined “that the defendant Ada-line Fuller is not entitled to recover any damages in this action,” and that no relief should be granted to any of the parties thereto; but by inadvertence this conclusion was not incorporated into the judgment, and all the parties concede that this mistake is one which the court was called upon to correct upon motion. This being so, in what sense is the additional amendment obnoxious to the rule which confines the power to amend within certain limitations? The objection apparently relied upon by the plaintiff is that the judgment, prior to its amendment, was an adjudication, in effect, that the defendant Fuller, having by her first answer elected to affirm her contract and pray for its enforcement, could not thereafter ask for its rescission, and demand damages. It will be observed, however, that this question is not specifically determined by either the decision or the judgment; and whether either is to be regarded as equivalent to an adjudication is at most a matter of inference or construction to be hereafter decided. Without any design to forestall the disposition to be made of the question, should it ever arise, it may be suggested, in connection with its present consideration, that the learned trial justice found as a fact that the defendant Fuller’s damages, if any were sustained, accrued subsequent to the commencement of the action; and, as he denied her right to recover any damages in this action, it may be that, although sitting as a court of equity, he reached this conclusion because of the fact above stated. The amendment which he subsequently allowed would seem to indicate that he did entertain that opinion; and, if so, then it was a proper one to make, for it simply conformed his conclusion of law to the finding of fact. But, in any event, it is difficult to see how the correction of either the decision or the judgment can be regarded as very material, for if they even adjudicated the question of an election of remedies, the change made does not limit or modify their effect in that particular, but leaves the case practically where it stood before.
The order appealed from should therefore be affirmed, with $10 costs and disbursements.
All concur.
Cases cited
- Produce Bank v. Morton 67 N. Y. 199 p. 322
- National City Bank v. New York Gold Exchange Bank 97 N. Y. 645 p. 322
- Stannard v. Hubbell 123 N. Y. 520 p. 322