Clough v. Corporation of the County of Shefford et al.

J.-In March, 1940, the secretary-treasurer for the corporation of the county of Shefford sold at a tax sale to appellant Clough, an immoveable standing in the name of S.S. Copper Mines Ltd. The purchase price was paid, but notary Bachand, the secretary-treasurer of the county corporation and one of the respondents in the present case, did :not deliver to appellant a certificate of adjudication, setting forth the particulars of the sale. In December, 1941, Bachand filed in the Registry Office of Shefford a notice to the registrar that the immoveable had been redeemed by Elton W. Martin, also one of the defendants, for and in the name of S.S. Copper Mines Ltd. It is submitted by the -appellant that this redemption was null and void, because at the time of this redemption, S.S. Copper Mines Ltd. had ceased to exist, its charter being extinct, having been forfeited de jure by non-user during three consecutive years. At the expiration of two years, appellant requested the secretary-treasurer to execute in his favour, in the name of the county corporation, a definite deed of sale of the immoveable, and, upon his refusal, he instituted the present action. In his conclusions he prayed that the redemption by defendant Martin be declared null and void and set aside, and the registration thereof be cancelled and that plaintiff be declared the owner of the said property and entitled to a deed. He also claimed that defendant Bachand in his quality of secretary-treasurer be condemned to produce in court a duplicate of the certificate of adjudication required by law to be issued to plaintiff, and that a deed of sale of the said property be ordered executed in favour of plaintiff by the defendant secretary-treasurer, and that, upon default, the judgment to be rendered avail to all legal purposes, and have the same effect, as a deed executed by the defendant county corporation.

This action was dismissed by Mr. Justice Surveyer sitting in the Superior Court and.that judgment was unanimously confirmed by the Court of King's Bench (1).

In view of the conclusions which I have reached, it is unnecessary to examine if at the time the redemption was made, the charter of the company was still in force or not. The fate of this case must be determined solely in the light of the provisions of the Municipal Code of the province of Quebec.

When Clough purchased the immoveable at the tax sale, he obtained only a precarious title, subject to its redemption during a period of two years. The owner, or any person on behalf of the owner, had, during that period of two years, the right to redeem this immoveable by reimbursing to the secretary-treasurer of the Corporation, the price of adjudication with costs and interests. This procedure is authorized by sections 754 and 755 of the Municipal Code which read as follows:

When this right of redemption is exercised, the original purchaser to whom the immoveable has been adjudicated has no more rights, except to receive back the money paid plus interest. In the present case, did E. W. Martin have the right to exercise this right on behalf of S.S. Copper Mines Ltd., even assuming the forfeiture of the charter? I have no doubt that this question must be answered in the affirmative.

coRoN The recourse of a municipality when taxes are not paid orHE is to have the immoveables sold. The secretary-treasurer has no option but to follow the imperative rules of the Code, and the sales must be effected in the way provided for by the law. It is not the duty of the secretary-treasurer of the local corporation to investigate as to who may be the real owner of the immoveable offered for sale. He is concerned only with what appears on the valuation roll, and in the course of the month of November of each year, he must prepare a statement showing (Municipal Code, section 726):

Before the 20th day of December in each year, he must transmit to the office of the county corporation an extract of such statement (Municipal Code, section 727), and it is also the duty of the secretary-treasurer of the county corporation to sell these immoveables on the second Thursday of the month of March following, after having, before the 8th of January, given public notice, that the immoveables (with the names of the owners as mentioned in the valuation roll) will be sold at public auction if the taxes are not paid.

In the present case, the name of the S.S. Copper Mines Ltd. appeared on the valuation roll as owner of the immoveable in question, and the secretary-treasurer of the county corporation had no alternative but to proceed the way he did.

Assuming, as I did before, the forfeiture of the charter of the S.S. Copper Mines Ltd., for the benefit of which the redemption has been made, the legal situation cannot be altered.

Under our system of law, property can never be "res nullius".

A company is dissolved by the forfeiture of its charter legally incurred (C.C., art. 368), but the law provides for the liquidation of its affairs. It is in the same position as a vacant succession (C.C., art. 371), and the creditors and others interested have the same recourse