CO. FOLEY BROS. et al.
Abbott J.
as Pitts-Foley, and to the mise-en-cause as
Stormont.
The facts are fully reviewed in the judgments below. Shortly stated they are as follows: On
September 8, 1958, Pitts-Foley entered into a contract with Quebec Cartier Mining Company, to build a railroad from Shelter Bay on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River to a mining property located at Lac Jeannine. Pitts-Foley in turn entered into a number of subcontracts, including one with Stormont dated October 21,
1958, for the clearing and grubbing of the right of way. It was a condition of this contract that
Stormont would provide a performance bond and this bond was issued by The Travelers on September 16, 1958, in an amount of $896,723.
Stormont began operations in September 1958, prior to the signing of the subcontract, and continued the work until February 27, 1959, when it suspended operations, alleging that it was unable to continue because of severe snow conditions. After negotiations with Pitts-Foley, Stormont resumed work on April 17 and continued, after a fashion, until early in July 1959, when it abandoned all work alleging breach of contract by Pitts-Foley.
In August 1960, Stormont sued Pitts-Foley for
$657,142.24 as damages for breach of contract and alternatively claimed $494,000 as the value of the work done. In September 1960, Pitts-Foley countered with an action against Stormont for
$1,212,648.77 as damages for breach of contract.
At the same time, Pitts-Foley instituted the present action against The Travelers as Stormont's surety claiming $896,723, the full amount of the performance bond. After issues were joined, Pitts- Foley moved to join all three actions for trial at the same time. The two actions between Pitts- Foley and Stormont were ordered to be joined for trial, but for some reason which I cannot understand the application was refused with respect to the action against The Travelers.
<Pitts-Foley>' et la mise-en-cause sous celui de <Stormont..
Les faits sont relat6s en d6tail dans les jugements des tribunaux inf6rieurs. On peut les r6sumer comme suit: Le 8 septembre 1958, Pitts- Foley s'engageait par contrat envers Quebec Cartier Mining Company A construire un chemin de fer allant de Shelter Bay, sur la rive nord du Fleuve Saint-Laurent A un gisement minier au lac Jeannine. Pitts-Foley de son c6t6 engageait un certain nombre de sous-traitants. Parmi eux on trouve Stormont (contrat du 21 octobre 1958), qui devait se charger du d6frichement et de l'essouchement de 1'emplacement. Une condition du contrat pr6voyait que Stormont devait fournir une garantie d'ex6cution et Travelers a fourni cette garantie le 16 septembre 1958, au montant de $896,723.
Stormont a commenc6 le travail en septembre 1958, soit avant la signature du contrat avec Pitts-Foley et a continu6 ses operations jusqu'au 27 f6vrier 1959, date oil elle les a suspendues, pr6tendant qu'il 6tait impossible de les continuer A cause de l'abondance de neige. A la suite de pourparlers entre Pitts-Foley et Stormont, cette dernibre a repris les travaux le 17 avril et les a continu6s tant bien que mal jusqu'au d6but de juillet 1959. Stormont les abandonna alors compl~tement, sous pr6texte que Pitts-Foley avait viol6 le contrat.
En aofit 1960, Stormont a intent6 une action par laquelle elle r6clamait de Pitts-Foley la somme de $657,142.24 en dommages-intirits pour violation de contrat ou, A d6faut, la somme de $494,000, A titre de valeur des travaux ex6cut6s. En septembre 1960, Pitts-Foley r6pliquait par une poursuite de $1,212,648.77 contre Stormont A titre de dommages-intir~ts pour violation de contrat. En m~me temps, Pitts-Foley a intent6 la pr6sente action A Travelers, caution de Stormont, pour la somme de $896,723, soit le plein montant de la garantie d'ex6cution. Une fois la contestation lide, Pitts-Foley a pr6sent6 une requite pour faire instruire les trois actions en m8me temps. Les actions entre Pitts-Foley et Stormont ont t r6unies mais, pour une raison qui m'6chappe, on a refus6 de joindre l'action contre Travelers aux deux autres.
et al. Abbott J.
et al. Le Juge Abbott
The Stormont and Pitts-Foley actions were tried before Mr. Justice Andr6 Demers who, after a long trial, rendered two judgments on July 28,
1964, maintaining Pitts-Foley's action and dismissing Stormont's action. The amount of the damages assessed against Stormont, $843,122.48, was not an assessment by the trial judge, but resulted from a consent entered into by the parties before judgment. The Travelers, which was intervenant in Stormont's action against Pitts-Foley, did not sign this consent and it is a common ground that it is not bound by it.
Appeals were entered by Stormont from these two judgments and are still pending, awaiting the result of the appeal in this action.
After judgment in the Stormont actions, Pitts- Foley moved to bring the present case on for trial, which took place before Mr. Justice Robinson, during a period extending from January to
May, 1965; the parties agreed that all the depositions taken and all the exhibits filed in the
Stormont cases would serve as evidence in this case with the right reserved to each party to call additional evidence. Both parties called additional evidence and filed additional exhibits.
Judgment was rendered on June 25, 1965, condemning The Travelers to pay $820,332.10, the amount claimed by Pitts-Foley in its action, together with interest from the institution of the action, and costs. From this judgment, The
Travelers appealed to the Court of Appeal and, as I have said, judgment was rendered on July 26,
1968, allowing the appeal to the extent of
$213,458.30, and reducing the judgment of the
Superior Court to $606,873.80.
The learned trial judge and all the judges in the Court below were unanimous in finding (1)
that Stormont was in default to perform its obligations under its subcontract with Pitts-Foley and
(2) was liable for the damages sustained by the latter-a view shared by Demers J. in the Stormont cases. The learned trial judge and all the judges in the Court of Queen's Bench also held that The Travelers was liable under its Performance Bond.
Le procks sur les actions de Pitts-Foley et de Stormont s'est d6roul6 devant le Juge Andr6 Demers. Aprbs de longs d6bats, celui-ci a rendu deux jugements, le 28 juillet 1964: l'un maintenait I'action de Pitts-Foley et 'autre renvoyait celle de Stormont. Le montant des dommagesint6rits que devait payer Stormont, soit la somme de $843,122.48, n'a pas 6t6 fix6 par le Juge de premiere instance mais r6sultait du consentement des parties intervenu avant le jugement. Travelers, qui 6tait intervenue dans l'action de Stormont contre Pitts-Foley, n'a pas 6t6 partie A ce consentement et, il est reconnu qu'il ne la lie pas. Stormont en a appel6 de ces deux jugements et les appels sont encore pendants, 6tant donn6 qu'on attend le r6sultat du pr6sent pourvoi. Aprbs que les jugements contre Stormont eurent rendus, Pitts-Foley a fait inscrire la pr6sente cause pour audition. Le procks s'est d6roul6 devant le Juge Robinson, de janvier A mai 1965. Les parties ont convenu que tous les timoignages et toutes les pibces qui avaient servi dans les deux affaires Stormont seraient mis en preuve dans la pr6sente affaire, chacune des parties se r6servant de pr6senter des 616ments de preuve et des piices suppl6mentaires, ce qu'elles firent toutes deux d'ailleurs.
Par jugement rendu le 25 juin 1965, la Cour a condamn6 Travelers h verser A Pitts-Foley la somme de $820,332.10, soit le montant total qu'avait r6clam6 cette dernidre dans son action, avec int6rat depuis la date de l'institution de I'action et les frais. Travelers en a appel6 de ce jugement A la Cour d'appel. Comme je l'ai dit, celle-ci, par son arrt du 26 juillet 1968, a accueilli I'appel jusqu'A concurrence de $213,- 458.30, r6duisant la condamnation prononc6e par la Cour sup6rieure A la somme de $606,873.80. Le savant Juge de premibre instance et ceux de la Cour d'appel ont 6t6 unanimes A conclure que: (1) Stormont avait fait d6faut de remplir ses obligations en vertu du contrat entre elle et Pitss-Foley et, (2)
elle 6tait responsable des dommages subis par cette dernibre, conclusion A laquelle en 6tait venu le Juge Demers dans les affaires Stormont. Ils ont tous conclu que Travelers 6tait tenue de payer, en vertu de la garantie d'ex6cution.
et al.
Abbott J.
There was ample evidence to support those findings and I would not disturb them. There remains therefore only the question as to the quantum of damages.
On the question of quantum, the principal issues raised by The Travelers before the Court of Appeal and before this Court were (1) Pitts- Foley's claim for overhead, calculated at 30.62 per cent of direct costs, which The Travelers contended was excessive (2) an additional credit for clearing on the basis that such credit should be calculated at the rate of $202.70 per acre, and not $157.60 per acre as provided in the subcontract, and (3) an additional credit for grubbing done outside areas designated by the owner. The additional credit claimed under this last head was $225,684.
As I have stated, the Court below was unanimous as to The Travelers' liability. The majority
(Tremblay C.J. and Montgomery J.) held that
The Travelers was entitled to an additional credit for clearing, of $213,458.30, and reduced the damages awarded at trial by that amount. Montgomery J., dissenting in part, would have allowed a further credit by disallowing in part Pitts-Foley's claim for overhead. Rivard J., dissenting, would have confirmed the trial judgment and dismissed the appeal.
From this summary, it will be seen that there are concurrent findings that Stormont was not entitled to the additional credit for grubbing. This question is fully discussed in the reasons of
Rivard J., which on this point were concurred in by Tremblay C.J. and Montgomery J. I am in agreement with those reasons and there is nothing
I could usefully add.
As to the basis upon which overhead was calculated, there was evidence upon which the trial judge and the majority in the Court of Appeal could make the finding which they did. I agree with that finding.
As I have stated, Pitts-Foley cross-appealed from the majority decision in the court below which reduced the damages awarded at trial from
$820,332.70 to $606,873.80. That finding was
La preuve justifie pleinement ces conclusions et je ne les modifierai pas. Il ne reste donc que la seule question du montant des dommages. A ce sujet, Travelers a soulev6 devant la Cour d'appel et cette Cour surtout les points suivants: (1) que la r6clamation de Pitts-Foley pour frais g6n6raux, estim6s A 30.62 p. 100 des frais directs, 6tait excessive, (2) qu'on aurait dfi accorder un cr6dit suppl6mentaire pour d6frichement du fait que la somme aurait dG 6tre calculke A raison de $202.70 I'acre et non de $157.60 l'acre comme le stipulait le contrat et, (3) qu'on aurait dft accorder un cr6dit suppl6mentaire pour essouchement hors des limites d6sign6es par le propri6taire. Le montant du cr6dit additionnel demand6 sous ce dernier chef s'61evait h $225,684. Comme je l'ai d6ji dit, la Cour d'appel a 6 unanime A conclure que Travelers 6tait tenue de payer. La majorit6, (soit le Juge en Chef Tremblay et le Juge Montgomery)
a conclu qu'il fallait accorder un cr6dit suppl6mentaire pour le d6frichement, soit $213,458.30, et a r6duit d'autant les dommages-intir8ts que le tribunal de premidre instance avait accord6s. Le Juge Montgomery, dissident sur certaines questions, aurait accord6 un cr6dit suppl6mentaire en refusant partiellement la r6clamation de Pitts-Foley pour frais g6n6raux. Le Juge Rivard 6tait dissident; il aurait confirm6 le jugement de premibre instance et rejet6 l'appel.
De ce r6sum6, on peut voir qu'il y a eu jugements concordants 6tablissant que Stormont n'avait pas droit A une somme suppl6mentaire pour l'essouchement. Le Juge Rivard a examin6 cette question A fond dans ses motifs, et sur ce point le Juge en Chef Tremblay et le Juge Montgomery sont d'accord avec lui. Je suis 6galement d'accord avec ces motifs et je n'ai rien d'utile h y ajouter.
Quant h la fagon de fixer les frais g6ndraux, la preuve justifiait la conclusion du Juge de premire instance et de majorit6 en Cour d'appel. Je souscris A cette conclusion.
J'ai deji dit que Pitts-Foley a interjet6 un contre-appel de 1'arr8t de la Cour d'appel r6duisant le montant des dommages de $820,332.70 A $606,873.80. Cette d6cision se fondait sur l'inet al.
Abbott
TRAVELERS FOLEY et al. Le Juge Abbott based upon the interpretation and effect of an agreement dated April 13, 1959, under the terms of which, subject to certain conditions, the unit price to be paid to Stormont for clearing the right of way might be increased from $157.60 per acre to $202.70.
Stormont in breach of its subcontract had abandoned work at the end of February 1959 giving as its reason severe weather conditions. It seems clear, however, that the real purpose of the suspension was to force price concessions from Pitts-Foley. Be that as it may, the latter made every effort to get Stormont back on the job and a series of proposals and counter-proposals culminated in an agreement evidenced by a letter dated April 13, 1959.
That letter reads:
Stormont General Contractors Limited,
2345 Viau Street,
Montreal, P.Q.
Attention: Mr. J. G. Joncas,
President.
Gentlemen:
This will confirm the arrangements made between us concerning the clearing to be done by you in connection with the construction of the railway facilities from Shelter Bay, Quebec to Lac Jeannine under the contract between ourselves dated October 21, 1958.
Subject to compliance by you with all the conditions stipulated in this letter and in the event of your actual cost for such clearing exceeding the contract price at the specified rate of $157.60 per acre, we shall, in lieu of such contract price, pay you your actual cost for such clearing not exceeding $202.70 per acre as determined and certified by our auditors.
Future payments for clearing shall be made as follows:
I. We shall make progress payments under Article
IV of the contract on the basis of the unit price of
$157.60 per acre;
II. When all acres to be cleared under the contract have been felled and stacked we shall within 30 days of acceptance of such acres by the owners pay such additional sum as may be required to adjust the unit per acre to your actual cost for clearing, to the extent above provided, as determined and certified terpr6tation et I'application d'une entente conclue le 13 avril 1959, en vertu de laquelle Stormont devait recevoir, moyennant certaines conditions, $202.70 I'acre au lieu de $157.60 pour le ddfrichement de 1'emplacement.
Stormont, en violation du contrat, avait abandonn6 les travaux & la fin de f6vrier 1959, pr6textant que les conditions climatiques 6taient trop mauvaises. semble clair, toutefois, que cette suspension visait A forcer Pitts-Foley A faire des concessions quant aux prix. Quoi qu'il en soit, cette dernibre a fait tout ce qu'elle a pu pour que Stormont reprenne le travail. Une s6rie de propositions et de contre-propositions a finalement abouti A une entente consignie dans une lettre du 13 avril 1959.
Cette lettre se lit comme suit:
Stormont General Contractors Limited
2345, rue Viau
Montr6al (P.Q.)
Comp6tence de: M. J.
Pr6sident
Messieurs,
La pr6sente confirme les ententes que nous avons conclues au sujet du d6frichement que vous devez faire relativement h la construction du chemin de fer de Shelter Bay (Qudbec) au lac Jeannine, en vertu du contrat intervenu entre nous le 21 octobre Moyennant que vous vous soumettiez A toutes les conditions ci-aprbs stipuldes, au cas oti les frais r6els de d6frichement d6passeraient la somme de $157.60 l'acre fix6e au contrat, nous vous paierons, au lieu du prix stipul6 au contrat, le cott r6el du d6frichement jusqu'd concurrence de $202.70 l'acre, selon le prix d6termin6 et attest6 par nos v6rificateurs. A l'avenir, les paiements pour le d6frichement feront de la manibre suivante:
Nous ferons des paiements selon l'avancement des travaux, conform6ment A la clause IV du contrat, au prix fix6 de $157.60 1'acre.
Lorsque le bois de toute l'aire de d6frichement aura 6t6 coup6 et empil6, nous vous paierons, dans les trente (30) jours qui suivront l'acceptation de telle aire par les propri6taires, toute somme suppl6mentaire requise pour ajuster le prix hL l'acre au cofit reel de d6frichement, jusqu'A concurrence et al. Abbott J.
by our auditors, less all amounts withheld by the
Owners to cover burning not completed;
III. When all burning has been completed and accepted by the Owners we shall pay any balance then due to you for burning.
The conditions stipulated are that:
(a) You shall recommence on or before the 20th day of April, 1959, continue without interruption and complete all your work under the contract in accordance with work schedules to be submitted by you and approved by us as conforming with the requirements of provision 16 of Appendix "A"
to the contract;
(b) You shall supply evidence acceptable to us on or before the 20th day of April 1959 that the principal amount of the Performance Bond with
The Travelers Insurance Company, provided by you under the contract, covers complete performance of the work and payment therefor as provided above;
(c) You shall give our auditors access to your books and records at any time during business hours for the purpose of determining your actual costs of clearing.
Also subject to your compliance with the above conditions, we undertake to deduct from the total clearing to be performed by you under the contract the total of the acres cleared by us for you during the suspension of your operations since March 2,
1959. We shall assume the entire cost of such clearing done by us and retain all payments received by us from the Owners in respect thereof.
This letter, when accepted by you, will constitute a binding agreement between us and except as expressly modified hereby our contract of October 21,
1958 shall remain in full force and effect.
If this letter is acceptable to you, kindly sign the enclosed copy and return it to us.
Very truly yours,
PITTS-FOLEY mc:
L. G. Lofholm,
Vice-President.
this day of
STORMONT GENERAL CONTRACTORS
LIMITED per: J. Gerard Joncas du prix susdit, ainsi que le d6termineront et l'attesteront nos v6rificateurs, moins les sommes que retiendront les propri6taires pour assurer le brfilage. Lorsque tout le brflage sera complt6 et accept6 par les propri6taires, nous vous paierons tout solde dO pour le brlage.
Les conditions sont les suivantes:
(a) Vous reprendrez les travaux au plus tard le 20 avril 1959 et vous les continuerez sans interruption jusqu'd ce qu'ils soient compl6t6s aux termes du contrat, selon un calendrier que vous nous soumettrez et que nous devrons approuver, le tout conform6ment h la clause no 16 de l'annexe A du contrat.
(b) Vous nous soumettrez au plus tard le 20 avril 1959, la preuve h notre satisfaction que le montant en capital de la garantie d'ex6cution assum6e par The Travelers Insurance Company et que vous nous fournissez en vertu du contrat, garantit l'ex6cution de tous les travaux et leur cofit tel que ci-dessus mentionn6.
(c) Vous permettrez h nos v6rificateurs de prendre connaissance de vos livres et de vos dossiers en tout temps durant les heures d'affaires pour qu'ils puissent d6terminer le coft rbel du d6frichement. Si vous vous soumettez aux conditions ci-dessus, nous nous engageons h soustraire du nombre d'acres que vous avez h d6fricher en vertu du contrat le nombre d'acres que nous avons d6frich6s nousm8mes h votre place, depuis l'arrt des travaux le 2 mars 1959. Nous assumerons le coft complet du d6frichement que nous avons fait et nous garderons toutes les sommes que nous recevrons des propri6taires en paiement de tel d6frichement.
La pr6sente lettre, sous rserve de votre acceptation, constituera une entente qui nous liera. Sauf dans la mesure o6 il est express6ment modifi6 par les pr6sentes, le contrat intervenu entre nous, le 21 octobre 1958, demeure en vigueur.
Si la pr6sente vous agr6e, veuillez signer la copie ci-jointe et nous la retourner.
Trbs sinchrement vitre,
PITTS-FOLEY mc:
L.
Vice-pr6sident ce jour de
STORMONT GENERAL CONTRACTORS LIMITED par: J. Gerard Joncas
TRAVELERS INDEMNITY CO. C. FOLEY BROS. et al. Le luge Abbott
The Travelers Indemnity Company hereby consents to the modification outlined in this letter.
Oscar H. Gaudet
OSCAR H. GAUDET
Attorney-in-fact
The obligations undertaken by Pitts-Foley in that letter, in my opinion, were conditional obligations within the meaning of art. 1079 of the
Civil Code and never took effect. Rivard J. stated the position accurately and concisely when he said:
Work started again on April 13,
1959, but was abandoned for good on July 6, 1959.
Grubbing was resumed only on May 23 and was obviously stopped also on July 6. The conditions laid down by Pitts-Foley in the April 13 agreement were not complied with by Stormont, and Pitts- Foley cannot be considered in default by paying to
Stormont only the prices stipulated in the original contract.
It follows that the subcontract between Stormont and Pitts-Foley was not amended and, in establishing its claim for damages, Pitts-Foley was not obliged to pay or to credit Stormont with any unit price for clearing other than that provided for in the subcontract dated October
21, 1958.
For the foregoing reasons and for those of
Rivard J., with which I am in agreement, I would dismiss the appeal and allow the crossappeal in both cases with costs.
Appeal dismissed with costs; cross-appeal allowed with costs.
Solicitors for the defendant, appellant: Foster,
Watt, Leggat, Colby, Rioux & Malcolm, Montreal.
Solicitors for the plaintiffs, respondents: Lafleur
& Brown, Montreal.
The Travelers Indemnity Company consent aux modifications d6finies dans la pr6sente lettre. Oscar H. Gaudet
OSCAR H. GAUDET
Procureur de fait
A mon avis, les obligations qu'assumait Pitts- Foley par cette lettre 6taient conditionnelles, au sens de l'art. 1079 du Code civil et elles n'ont pas eu d'effet. Le Juge Rivard a trait6 la question de fagon precise et concise en disant: Les travaux ont recommenc6 le 13 avril 1959, mais ont 6t6 d6finitivement abandonnis le 6 juillet 1959. L'essouchement n'a 6t6 repris que le 23 mai et 6videmment arrit6 6galement le 6 juillet. Les conditions pos6es par Pitts-Foley dans cette entente du 13 avril n'ont pas 6t6 respecties par Stormont, et Pitts-Foley ne peuvent 8tre considrds en d6faut en ne payant A Stormont que les prix stipul6s dans le contrat originaire.
Il s'ensuit que le contrat entre Stormont et Pitts-Foley n'a pas 6t6 modifi6 et, qu'en 6tablissant sa r6clamation en dommages-intdrats, Pitts- Foley n'6tait tenue de verser ou de porter au cr6dit de Stormont, pour le d6frichement, que le prix a l'unit6 convenu dans le contrat du 21 octobre 1958.
Pour ces motifs et pour ceux qu'a exprim6s le Juge Rivard et auxquels je souscris, je suis d'avis de rejeter l'appel et d'accueillir le contreappel, avec d6pens dans les deux cas.
Appel rejetd avec ddpens;
contre-appel accueilli avec ddpens.