Gilmer v. Stone

delivered the opinion, of the court.

. Robert Gilmer, late of Irish. Grove, Menard County, Illinois, died December 31, 1883, having made a last will by which he disposed of his entire estate, consisting of about four thousand dollars in personal property, and from three to four hundred acres of land in that state. The eleventh clause of the will is in these words: “I also, after paying all debts and claims against my estate, bequeath and devise the remainder of my estate to be equally divided between the board of foreign and the board of home missions.” The object of the present suit-is to obtain a decree declaring that clause to be void, and directing the'estate of the testator, after meeting the debts and the bequests contained in other clauses to be paid to the'complainant; the uncle and only heir-at-law of the decedent.

The “ Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United'States of America” and the “Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America ” — corporations created under the laws of New Tork —severally appeared, were made defendants, and filed answers, each claiming the right to share in the devise in the eleventh clause of the will. The executors admit the justice of these claims, but ask the. direction of the court in the premises. To these answers a general replication was filed; and, the cause having been heard upon the pleadings and proofs, the bill was dismissed with costs.

It is agreed in the case that the Baptist, Methodist, Episcopal and other churches, like the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, have boards of home and foreign missions ; ‘consequently, it is contended, the eleventh clause of the will is void 'for uncertainty as to the donee and the purposes of the gift. In this view we do not concur. It is undoubtedly the rule, in respect to the testamentary disposition of property, real and personal, that uncertainty either as to the subject or object of a devise will be fatal to its validity. But that rule has

In the fourth clause of the will, the testator bequeathed his library to the Presbyterian church of Irish Grove; in the ninth, five hundred dollars toward the‘erection of a Presbyterian church in Greenview, Illinois, provided the same was built within two years from the date of the will; otherwise, the money should revert to his estate; and in the tenth, he bequeathed fifty dollars to be paid on the minister’s salary of the Presbyterian church of Irish Grove for the year 1884.

And there was extrinsic evidence to the .folio-wing effect.: That the testator had been for many years a member and ruling elder of the Irish Grove Presbyterian Church, one of the local congregations of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America;'that collections were .annually taken ,up in that congregation for the various boards of that church, including its Boards of Foreign and Home Missions;' that while, it was announced from the pulpit that collections' would be taken for the Board of Foreign Missions or the. Board of Home Missions, without, in words, naming the Presbyteriun Church, all such collections, with the knowledge and' assent of the church session, of which the testator was an active and zealous member, were, without exception, sent to the officers of the Presbyterian Boards of Foreign and Home Missions in New York City, and regular reports thereof made to the' session; that the testator took especial interest in the work of those particular boards and uniformly contributed thereto; and that he did not, so far ás his pastor or associates in the church session knew, make contributions to the societies of any -other

It is, also, contended that the Boards of Foreign and Houle Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America are foreign religious societies, of foreign societies organized for religious purposes, and, as such, cannot,' under the laws- of Illinois, take exceeding ten acres of land each, and that the devise in the eleventh cause, being of more than three hundred acres of land jointly, is void and must fail.

In the case of Christian Union v. Yount, 101 U. S. 352 , 360, decided in. 1879,- we considerd the question whether a conveyance made in 1870, by a citizen of Illinois, of real estate there situated, of the value of $-10,000, to the .American and Foreign Christian Union, a New York corporation, was void under the laws of Illinois — the object Of that corporation being, “by missions, colportage, the press, and other appropriate agencies, to diffuse and promote the principles of religious liberty and a pure evangelical Christianity, both at home and abroad, wherever a corrupt Christianity exists.” The validity of the conveyance was sustained upon the.ground that the law of Illinois, as it existed in 1870, did not preclude a benevolent or missionary corporation of another state, being thereunto authorized by its own charter, from taking title to real estate - within her limits, by purchase, gift, devise, or in any other manner.

It is, however, insisted that the force of that decision is-weakened, if not destroyed, by the failure of the- court to refer to § 44 of c. 24 of the BeVised Statutes of 1845, making it lawful foi’ “ the members of any society or -congregation,” theretofore formed or thereafter to be formed, “ for purposes of religious worship,” to “ receive by gift, devise or purchase, a quantity of land not exceeding ten acres, and to erect or build thereon such houses' and buildings as they may deem ■necessary for the purposes aforesaid, and to make such other use of the land and make such .other improvements thereon as

In St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Congregation v. Germain, 104 Ill. 440 , the Supreme Court of the state held that the foregoing section of the act of 1845 was not repealed by the act of March 8, 1869, providing “for the holding of Roman Catholic' churches, cemeteries and other property,” but was displaced by the 42d section of the act of April 18, 1872, (c. 32 of the Revision of 1874,) which last section, however, the court said, was substantially the same as the 44th section of the act of 1845, and to be regarded as, in effect, merely continuing the latter in force.

W'e have, therefore, to inquire whether the devise in question is void under the act of April 18,1872. That act makes provision for the formation of corporations for any lawful purpose, except' banking, insurance, real estate brokerage, the business bf loaning money, and the operation of railroads other than horse and dummy railroads. It also makes provision for the incorporation of societies, cprporations, and associations for any lawful purpose, not for pecuniary profit, “ capable of taking, purchasing, holding and disposing of real and personal estate for purposes of their organization.” Secs. 29, 31:

The act proceeds:

“Seo. 35. The'foregoing provisions shall not apply to any religious corporation; but any church, congregation or society formed for the purpose of religious worship, may become incorporated in the manner. following, to wit: . . .

“Sec. .41.' Upon the .incorporation of any congregation, church or society, all real and personal property held by any

“ Sec. 42. Any corporation that may be formed for religious purposes under this act or under any law of this state for the incorporation of religious societies,. may receive by gift,' devise or purchase, land not exceeding in quantity (including that already held by such corporation) ten acres, and' may érect or build thereon such houses,- buildings or other improvements as it may deem necessary for the convenience and comfort of such congregation, church or society, and may lay out and maintain thereon a burying ground; but no such property' shall be used except in the manner expressed in the gift, grant or devise, or, if no use or trust is so expressed, except for the benefit of the congregation, church or society for which it was intended.”

The 45th section permits any congregation, church, of society incorporated under the act, to receive by grant, devise or bequest, real estate, not exceeding forty acres, for the purpose of holding camp-meetings. ¡Rev. Stat. 1874, pp. 292, 29,3: '

Assuming for the purposes of this case only, that a church, congregation, or society formed under the laws of another state, for purposes of religious worship in that state, could not lawfully receive by gift, devise or purchase, land in Illinois;' in .excess of the quantity which 'may be received in either of those modes by a similar corporation formed under the laws of' Illinois, we are satisfied that the sections last quoted from the act of 1872 do not embrace corporations/ of the class to which these Boards of Foreign and, Home Missions belong. The Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America was formed “ for the purpose of establishing and conducting- Christian missions among the unevangelized or pagan nations and the general diffusion

While these boards, are importaht agencies in aid of the general religious work of the Presbyterian Church .in the United States of America, neither of them is, in- any proper sense, or in the meaning of the 35th section of the act of 1872, a, church, congregation, or society formed for the purpose of religious worship. The counsel for the plaintiff in error seem to lay stress upon • the more general words, “ formed for religious -purposes,” in the 42d section of the act; but manifestly the other parts of the same section, and previous sections, show that the only corporations intended to be restricted in the ownership of land to ten acres, were those formed for the purpose of “ religious worship,” and not to organizations commonly called benevolent or missionary societies. The reasons of public policy which restrict societies, formed for the purpose of religious worship, in their ownership of real estate, do not apply at all, or, if at all, only with diminished force, to corporations which have no ecclesiastical control of those engaged in religious worship, and cannot prescribe the forms of snch worship, nor subject to ecclesiastical discipline those who fail. to conform to the rules, usages, or orders of" the religious society of which they are members.

This conclusion does not, in the slightest degree, conflict with the decision in St. Peter's Roman Catholic Congregation v. Germain. That was the case of a conveyance of about eighty

As the eleventh clause was intended to pass, and was valid for1 the purpose of passing, to ,the Boards of Foreign and Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America the estate thereby devised, the decree must be affirpied; and it is so ordered.

Affirmed..