p. 490Claflin & Co. Thereafter Claflin & Co. filed an amended answer containing demurrers and a general and special denial. Kaiser demurred in his turn and denied the averments of the amended answer by a supplemental petition.
The cause, having been tried, resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff, assessing his damages at $20,057.23, principal, and interest at the rate of 8 per cent per annum from November 17, 1882, being $8293.49, making a total of $28,350.72; and ■judgment was entered upon the verdict. A motion for a new trial was made and overruled.
-The bill of exceptions stated, among other things, “that on the trial of the above cause the plaintiff Kaiser, being upon the stand as a witness for himself, and having testified that his stock on July 1, 1882, was of the valué,-at cost, of 22,807 dollars, and that he bought in July and August, 1882, 51,747 dollars’ worth of additional goods; having also testified that from July 1 to November 17, 1882, the latter being the date of the levy of attachments upon his merchandise, he had sold at retail 12,000 dollars’ worth of goods; that he had sold, at wholesale to Sapowski Bros., whose credit in New York was not so good as Kaiser’s, 33,000 dollars’ worth of goods, at wholesale; to Keersky, 5162 dollars’ wrorth; to May, at wholesale, 1207 dollars’ worth; that on the day before his stock of merchandise was attached the said Sapewski Bros, owed him 13,815 dollars, plaintiff having drawn on him for large sums in favor of other creditors, and that said indebtedness was put in the shape of negotiable nptes on the day said attachment was levied, or on the next day, was then, on cross-examination by defendants’ counsel, asked what he had done with said notes; to this question the plaintiff’s counsel objected on the ground that what had transpired after said attachment was levied was immaterial and irrelevant; this objection was .sustained by the court and the defendants excepted.”
Other exceptions were also taken not material to be stated here.
Mr. M. L. Oramford and Mr. Sawnie Robertson, for plaintiffs in error, submitted on their brief.
p. 491Mr. A. JI. Garland for defendant in error. Mr. H. J. May was with, him on the brief.
delivered the opinion of the court.
The affidavit on which the attachment writ in favor of Olaflin & Co. issued, averred that Kaiser was “about to convert bis property, or a part thereof, into money for the purpose of placing it beyond the reach of his creditors,” and this action was predicated upon the falsity of that averment.
The record discloses that proof was adduced upon the trial tending to show an intent on Kaiser’s part, at the time of the. suing out and levy of the attachment, to defraud his creditors by secreting his property, by putting it into the shape of notes, and by fraudulently placing them beyond the reach' of his creditors; and it also appears from the evidence in chief of Kaiser, as a witness in his own behalf, that on the day-of the levy of the attachment, or the next day, an amount of $13,815, owed to him, “was put in the shape of negotiable notes.” The Circuit Court refused to allow Kaiser to be asked on cross-examination what he did with these, notes, In this ruling there was error. Upon the issue involved, the defendants were entitled to a wide latitude in cross-examining the party charged with fraudulent conversion when testifying for himself. If the particular indebtedness to Kaiser was turned into notes, and the notes were converted into money before the attachment issued, or simultaneously, that fact sustained the charge of the conversion of the property into money, and with the other evidence justified the inference that this was for the purpose of placing it beyond the reach of his creditors. Defendants wrnre not called upon in propounding the question to the' witness to state what they expected to prove by him, which it would have been ordinarily quite impossible for them to do, but inasmuch as he had testified in his own favor that the notes were obtained at or about the' time of the attachment, the defendants were entitled to push the inquiry further and elicit from the witness all the circumstances surrounding the obtaining and the final disposition of that paper.
p. 492Indeed as the evidence tended to show an intent on Kaiser’s part, at the time of the suing out oi the attachment, to defraud his creditors by putting his property into the shape of notes and placing them beyond their reach, proof of Kaiser’s acts of a similar nature, occurring immediately after the attachment writ issued, would have been admissible if in casual relation with what the whole evidence showed was one transaction. Of course, this would not be so as to independent and isolated action after the issue of the writ, but when happening in immediate connection with what preceded, and as part of one whole, the evidence would be admissible; and we are clear that, tested by the record before us, the question was legitimate and proper on cross-examination, and the objection should not have been sustained.
The judgment is therefore reversed and the cause remanded to the Circuit Court, with a direction to grcmt a new trial.
Mr. Justice Blatohford took no part in the decision of this case.