Troxell v. Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad

delivered the opinion of the court.

This case was brought in the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act, as amended ( 35 Stat. 65 , c. 149; 36 Stat. 291 , c. 143) by Lizzie M. Troxell, administratrix of the estate of Joseph Daniel Troxell, deceased, against The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company to recover for the alleged ■wrongful death of decedent. A verdict was rendered by the District Court, which had succeeded the Circuit Court, in favor of the plaintiff, and judgment entered accordingly, which, on writ of error, was reversed by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. 200 Fed. Rep. 44 . The case was then brought- here upon writ of error.

It appears from the record that the defendant railroad company operates a line of- road runnipg from Nazareth to Portland, Pennsylvania, and that a branch road, known as the Pen Argyl Branch, puts off in a northeasterly direction from Pen Argyl Junction, a point on the defendant’s line. Between 100 and 150 yards northeast of Peií Argyl Junction there is a switch running off the Pen Argyl Branch, called Albion Siding No. 2, which extends to certain quarries in that vicinity. The switch track is level, or practically so, for the first, 100 feet, and then rises towards the northeast with a grade of one foot in 100 feet. From the place' where the Albion switch connects with the Pen Argyl Branch down to the main track and then westward on the main track there is a down grade. Six gondola cars, each about thirty-six feet in length, loaded with ashes, had been placed on the Albion spur by the

Lizzie M. Troxell (now the administratrix of his estate) brought a previous action, suing as surviving widow and joining the two living children, against the defendant railroad company for damages, stating that at the time of the injury, July 21, 1909, the deceased was engaged in the capacity of fireman on a locomotive hauling one of the defendant’s trains in interstate and foreign commerce and that while so engaged, without fault , on his part and because óf the negligence of defendant and its failure to supply and keep in good condition proper and safe devices, instruments and apparatus, the locomotive and train came into violent collision with several runaway cars, resulting in the death of Troxell, and she prayed damages on account of herself and the children. She recovered a.verdict and judgment, was rendered in her favor, which upon writ of error, was reversed .by the Circuit Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. 183 Fed. Rep. 373 .’ ...

Thereafter, Mving been appointed administratrix of the estate of her husband, Lizzie M. Troxell began the present action in the Circuit Court of the United States.

Where the second suit is upon the same cause of action set up in the first suit, an estoppel by judgment arises in respect to every matter offered or received in evidence, or which might have been offered, to sustain or defeat the claim in controversy; but, \yhere ^he secon(j sult is upon a different claim or demand, the prior judgment operates as an estoppel only as to matters in issue or points controverted and actually'determined in the original suit. Cromwell v. Sac County, 94 U. S. 351 , 352, 353; Southern Pacific Railroad Co. v. United States, 168 U. S. 1 , 50; Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. v. Kirven, 215 U. S. 252 , 257.

An inspection of'the record shows that upon the trial of the first action the judge of the District Court held that the Employers’ Liability Act prevented Lizzie M. Troxell

The second action was brought under the Federal Liability Act, under which there might be a recovery for the negligence of the fellow-servants of the deceased, and the judge of the District Court, holding that the former case had adjudicated matters as to defects in cars, engines and rails, submitted to the jury only the question of the negligence of fellow-servants in failing to properly brake and block the cars on the siding. Upon the issue thus submitted a verdict was rendered and recovery had in the trial court, as we have already said.

In the, Circuit Court of Appeals, however, it was held that the judgment in the first case was a bar to the second proceeding because, in view of the decision of this court in Second Employers’ Liability Cases, 223 U. S. 1 , an action. of this kind for injury to one engaged in interstate commerce could only be maintained under the Federal Em

We think it is apparent from what we have said that the first case was prosecuted and tried on the theory that it involved a cause of action under the state law of Pennsylvania. It was so submitted to the jury, and they were told .that they were not to-consider the Federal law, but recovery should be based upon the right under the state act. If the Circuit Court of Appeals was right in its second decision that no action could have been maintained under the state law, in view of the Employers’ Liability Act, the fact that the plaintiff attempted to recover under that law and pursued the supposed remedy until the court adjudged that it never had existed would not of itself preclude the subsequent pursuit of a remedy for -relief to which in law she is entitled. Wm. W. Bierce, Limited, v. Hutchins, 205 U. S. 340 ; Snow v. Alley, 156 Massachusetts, 193, 195; Water, Light & Gas Co. v. City of Hutchinson, 90 C. C. A. 547 , 551. Whether the plaintiff could properly have thus recovered is not the question now before the court. To work an estoppel the first proceeding and judgment must be a bar to the second one because it is a matter already adjudicated between the parties. The cause of action under the state law, if it could be prosecuted to recover for the wrongful death alleged in this case, was based upon a different theory of the right to recover than prevails under the Federal statute. Under the Pennsylvania law there could be no recovery for the negligence of the fellow-servants of the deceased. This was the issue upon which the case was submitted at the second trial

Furthermore, it is well settled' that to work an. estoppel. by judgment there must have been identity of parties in the two actions. Brown v. Fletcher's Estate, 210 U. S. 82 ; Ingersoll v. Coram, 211 U. S. 335 . The Circuit Court of Appeals in the present case, while recognizing this rule, disposed of the contention upon the ground that the parties" were essentially the same in both actions — the first action was for the benefit of Lizzie M. Troxell and the two minor children, and the present case, although the action was brought by the administratrix, is for the benefit of herself and children — and held that, except in mere form, the actions were for the benefit of the same persons and therefore the parties were practically the same; and' that the omission .to sue as administratrix' w;as merely technical and would have been curable by amendment. This conclusion was reached before this court announced its decision in American Railroad Co. v. Birch, 224 U. S. 547 . That action was brought under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act by the widow and son of the decedent and not by the administrator. The lower court held that the requirement of the act that the suit should be brought in ease of death by the personal representative of the deceased did not prevent a suit in the name of the persons entitled to the benefit of the recovery. In other words, the court ruled, as did the Circuit Court of Appeals in this case, that where it was shown that the widow and child were the sole beneficiaries, they might maintain the action without the appointment of a personal representative. This court denied the contention, and held that Congress, doubtless for good reasons, had specifically pro

It is further urged that even if this court , should hold that the sole ground upon which the Circuit Court of Appeals proceeded, namely, that the former judgment is a bar to this action, was untenable, névertheless the judgment of the District Court ought not to be affirmed, because there is no testimony in the record adequate to sustain the verdict and judgment of that court. The case in the appellate court must be determined, not by considering and weighing conflicting testimony, but upon a decision of the question as to the presence of testimony in the record fairly tending to sustain the verdict. An examination of the record satisfies us that the district judge in his charge fairly stated the conflicting testimony adduced as to the negligence of the fellow-servants in securing and blocking the cars on the siding, and that there was testimony to sustain the verdict of the jury adverse to the defendant. It is also contended that certain testimony was inadmissible. We have examined this assignment añd, without going into detail, find that it, too, must be denied. It is also urged that the record shows that the case when tried was not at issue, at least under the rules of the lower court was not triable, until after issue joined, and this objection is set up because of the. failure of the plaintiff to file a replication after the court had decided that the pléa of res judicata was a correct plea under the local practice. The case was at issue, and the plea of . res judicata was considered and decided in both

Judgment of the Circuit Court .of Appeals reversed, and that of the District Court affirmed, and the case remanded to the District Court.

Upon the issue oí res judicata, Mr. Justice Lurton concurs solely because of the lack of identity of parties in the two actions.