Erie Railroad v. Welsh

delivered the opinion of the court.

The Supreme Court of Ohio ( 89 Ohio St. 81 ) affirmed a' circuit court judgment which sustained a judgment re

Plaintiff’s case was that on March 7, 1911, about 11 o’clock p. m., while in the performance of .his duties, 'he attempted to alight from the footboard of a slowly moving locomotive; that in so doing he stepped upon a pulley wheel of an interlocking mechanism situate between the tracks and then covered with snow, and the turning of the wheel under his weight caused his foot to become entangled in the interlocking wires, as a result of which he fell partly under the locomotive and sustained serious injuries. The negligence attributed to defendant was the failure properly to guard or cover the wires and the pulley wheel. There was evidence tending to show such a knowledge on plaintiff’s part of the nature and character of the interlocking apparatus and its location between the tracks, and such a knowledge and appreciation of the dangers incident thereto, as to bring into play the defense of assumption of risk (Seaboard Air Line Ry. v. Horton, 233 U. S. 492 , 503; Jacobs v. Southern Railway Co., 241 U. S. 229 , 234), if the case came within the federal act; and this depended upon whether plaintiff was employed by defendant in interstate commerce at the time.he received his injuries. Defendant’s Fourth Request was for the submission to the jury of the question whether plaintiff was employed in such commerce, with an appropriate instruction embodying the rule as to assumption of risk in case they should find him to have been so employed. This request, which in terms invoked the protection of. the act of Congress', was refused, and the trial court, in the in

The rulings of the trial court were sustained by the Supreme Court (and presumably by the Circuit .Court) upon the ground that, upon the undisputed /evidence, plaintiff was not at the time employed in interstate commerce. As to this question, there was testimony tending to show that defendant was a common carrier by rail engaged in commerce between the States, and that plaintiff was and for some time had been a yard conductor engaged in night duty at its Brier Hill yard, a mile or more west of Youngstown; that he performed miscellaneous services in the way of shifting cars and breaking up and making up trains, under orders of the yardmaster, and had to apply frequently to the latter for such orders; that when any orders thus given had been performed, or had “run out,” he usually reported at the yardmaster’s office for further orders; that on the night in question plaintiff, with a yard crew, took a freight ear loaded with merchandise destined to a point without the State, and a caboose which so far as appears was not to go beyond the limits of the State, from the Brier Hill yard eastwardly to the “F. D. yard” in Youngstown, where the freight car was placed upon a siding, so that it might be made up into a train by another crew; that they then took the caboose a short distance farther and placed it upon another siding; that they next took the engine to a water plug and took on water, and then returned with it to the Brier Hill yard; that on this return journey the engine was slowed down near the yardmaster’s office, which is at the easterly end of that yard, so as to enable Welsh to report for further orders, all previous orders haying been executed; and that the injury was received while he was attempting to alight for that purpose.

There remains the contention that plaintiff’s act in stepping from the yard engine was in completion of his trip to the “F. D. yard” with the interstate car, and hence was itself an act in furtherance of interstate commerce. This cannot be answered by saying, in the words used arguendo by the state Supreme Court ( 89 Ohio St. 88 ), that “he was not then and there employed in moving or handling cars engaged in interstate commerce.” The question remains whether he was performing an act so directly and immediately connected with his previous act of placing the interstate car in the “F. D. yard” as to be a part of it or a necessary incident thereto. New York Central & Hudson River R. R. Co. v. Carr, 238 U. S. 260 , 264; Shanks v. Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R. R. Co., 239 U. S. 556 , 559. And this depends upon whether the series of acts that he had last performed was properly to be regarded as a succession of separate tasks or as a single and indivisible task. It turns upon no. interpretation of the act of Congress, but involves simply an appreciation of the testimony and admissible inferences therefrom in order to determine whether there was a question to be submitted to the jury as to the fact of employment

Judgment affirmed.