O'Rourke v. Bates

[1] There are two kinds or classes of carriers, viz., common carriers and private carriers. A common carrier is one who undertakes to transport goods for the general public, and is compelled to do so by law (Allen v. Sackrider, 37 N. Y. 341 ; Jackson A. I. W. v. Hurl-but, 158 N. Y. 34 , 52 N. E. 665 , 70 Am. St. Rep. 432 ), while a private carrier acts in a particular case for hire or reward (Allen v. Sack-rider, supra; Fish v. Clark, 49 N. Y. 122 ; Jackson A. I. W. v. Hurl-but, supra). A common carrier is regarded by law as an insurer (Fein v. Weir, 129 App. Div. 299 , 114 N. Y. Supp. 426 ; Heyman v. Stryker [Sup.] 116 N. Y. Supp. 638 ; Gardiner v. N. Y. C. R. R. Co., 139 App. Div. 17 , 123 N. Y. Supp. 865 ; Brewster v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., 145 App. Div. 51 , 129 N. Y. Supp. 368 ), and can only be excused from making delivery of the goods intrusted to him for transportation by showing that the loss or damage was caused by an act of God or the public enemy (Fein v. Weir, supra; Heyman v. Stryker, supra; Brewster v. N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. Co., supra).

It was not shown by the evidence in this case that the defendant was a common carrier; and therefore the question of his liability must be adjudicated under the rules of liability applicable to private carriers as distinguished from common carriers.

[2] The rule of liability in the case of a private carrier is not so stringent as that applicable to a common carrier. He is not an insurer of the goods intrusted to him; but he is required to use care in the discharge of his duty. Pike v. Nash, * 40 N. Y. 335 . His liability is like that of an ordinary bailee. A private carrier who is paid to carry or move goods is really a bailee for hire. Story, Bailm. (9th Ed.) §§ 370, 421, 422; Schouler, Bailm. & Car. (3d Ed.) §§ 330, 331.

[3] While a bailee for hire is not an insurer of the goods intrusted to him, he is obliged to use ordinary care in the discharge of his duty; and proof of the delivery to him of such goods in good condition and the loss of such goods or the return thereof in a damaged state raises a presumption that the loss or injury was occasioned by his negligence, unless he shows that such loss or damage occurred under conditions over which he had no control. Collins v. Bennett, 46 N. Y. 490 ; Schwerin v. McKie, 51 N. Y. 180 , 10 Am. Rep. 581 ; Claflin v. Meyer, 75 N. Y. 260 , 31 Am. Rep. 467 ; Snell v. Cornwell, 93 App. Div. 136 , 87 N. Y. Supp. 1 ; Selesky v. Vollmer, 107 App. Div. 300 , 85 N. Y. Supp. 130 ; Nichols v. Balch, 8 Misc. Rep. 452 , 28 N. Y. Supp. 667 ; Waterman v. American Pin Co., 19 Misc. Rep. 638 , 44 N. Y. Supp. 410 ; Campbell v. Muller, 19 Misc. Rep. 189 , 43 N. Y. Supp. 233 ; Lyons v. Thomas, 34 Misc. Rep. 175 , 68 N. Y. Supp. 802 ; Plesser v. Appel (Sup.) 113 N. Y. Supp. 1034 .

The burden of proving a bailee’s negligence is always on the bailor; but, where the loss or damage is unexplained, the'bailee is presumed to have been negligent and the bailor has made out a prima facie case.

Tested by the foregoing rules, the record shows a prima facie case of negligence on - the part of the defendant which was not rebutted by him; and he was, therefore, properly adjudged to be liable for the loss and damage suffered by the plaintiff.

[4] The appellant raises a question as to the sufficiency of the proof as to the damage sustained by the plaintiff. The testimony shows that the plaintiff had, at the defendant’s request, ascertained from the house of Wanamaker, where the bed in question had been purchased, what it would cost to replace the broken portion, and that he was informed by a representative of the Wanamaker store that it would cost $22.50 to replace the missing part. There was no objection made to this evidence, nor was any motion made to strike it out. Ordinarily the cost of an article is some evidence of its value.- Jelalian v. N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co., 134 App. Div. 381 , 119 N. Y. Supp. 136 ; Gill v. McNamee, 42 N. Y. 44 ; Parmenter v. Fitzpatrick, 135 N. Y. 190 , 31 N. E. 1032 ; Hawver v. Bell, 141 N. Y. 140 , 36 N. E. 6 ; Matter of Johnson, 144 N. Y. 563 , 39 N. E. 643 ; Waterman v. American Pin Co., supra; Harlam v. Green, 31 Misc. Rep. 261 , 64 N. Y. Supp. 79 . So the price charged bona fide for replacing a portion of an article or repairing the same in the very store or place where it was purchased is some evidence of the reasonable value thereof. The weight and value of such testimony was a question for the justice. Jelalian v. N. Y., N. H., etc., Co., supra. Moreover, this mode of ascertaining the cost was adopted at the defendant’s suggestion, or by his consent; and the evidence thereof was received without objection, and the reasonableness of the amount was not in any way questioned by the defendant upon the trial, and cannot now be challenged upon appeal. Hawver v. Bell, supra; Harlam v. Green, supra.

It follows, therefore, that the judgment should be affirmed, with costs.

Judgment affirmed, with costs.